31: Allergies & Anaphylaxis

Question 0

An unusual or exaggerated allergic reaction to a foreign protein or other substance.

Answer 0

Anaphylaxis

Note: anaphylaxis means the opposite of phylaxis or protection.

Question 1

An exaggerated, response by the immune system to a foreign substance.

Answer 1

Allergic Reaction

Question 2

Any of an order of highly specialized insects such as bees and wasps.

Answer 2

Hymenoptera

Question 3

The body system responsible for combating infection.

Answer 3

Immune system

Question 4

Complex cascade of events within the body that works toward the destruction or inactivation of pathogens, abnormal cells, or foreign molecules.

Answer 4

Immune response

Question 5

A disease producing agent or invading substance.

Answer 5

Pathogen

Question 6

Any poisonous chemical secreted by bacteria or released following destruction of the bacteria.

Answer 6

Toxin

Question 7

Immunity resulting from a direct attack of a foreign substance by specialized cells of the immune system.

Answer 7

Cellular Immunity

Question 8

Immunity resulting from attack of an invading substance by antibodies.

Answer 8

Humoral Immunity

Question 9

Principal agent of a chemical attack of an invading substance

Answer 9

Antibody

Question 10

Alternative term for antibody.

Answer 10

Immunoglobulin (IG)

Question 11

Any substance that is capable under appropriate conditions, of inducing a specific immune response.

Answer 11

Antigen

Question 12

Initial, generalized response to an antigen.

Answer 12

Primary Response.

Question 13

Response by the immune system that takes place if the body is exposed to the same antigen again;.

Answer 13

SECONDARY RESPONSE

Note: In secondary response, antibodies specific for the offending antigen are released

Question 14

Genetic predetermined immunity that is present at birth; also called innate immunity.

Answer 14

Natural Immunity

Question 15

Immunity that develops over time and results from exposure to an antigen.

Answer 15

Acquired Immunity

Question 16

Immunity that begins to develop after birth and is continually enhanced by exposure to new pathogens and antigens throughout life.

Answer 16

Naturally Acquired Immunity

Question 17

Immunity achieved through vaccination given to generate an immune response that results in the development of antibodies specific for the injected antigens; also called artificial acquired immunity.

Answer 17

Induced Active Immunity

Question 18

Acquired immunity that occurs following exposure to an antigen and results in the production of antibodies specific for the antigen.

Answer 18

Active Immunity

Question 19

Acquired immunity that results from administration of antibodies either from mother to the infant across the placental barrier (natural immunity) or through vaccination(induced immunity).

Answer 19

Passive Immunity

Question 20

Initial exposure of a person to an antigen that results in an immune response.

Answer 20

Sensitization

Question 21

In unexpected and exaggerated reaction to a particular antigen. It is used synonymously with the term allergy.

Answer 21

Hypersensitivity

Question 22

A hypersensitive state acquired through exposure to a particular allergen

Answer 22

Allergy

Question 23

A hypersensitivity reaction that takes place after the elapse of some time following re-exposure to an antigen.

Answer 23

Delayed Hypersensitivity Reaction

Note: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions are usually less severe that immediate reactions.

Question 24

A hypersensitivity reaction that occurs swiftly following re-exposure to an antigen.

Answer 24

Immediate Hypersensitivity Reaction

Note: These reactions are usually more severe that delayed reactions. The swiftest and most severe is Anaphylaxis.

Question 25

A substance capable of inducing allergy of specific hypersensitivity.

Answer 25

Allergens

Note: Allergens may be protein or non-protein, although most are protein.

Question 26

Type of white blood cell that participates in allergic response.

Answer 26

Basophils

Question 27

Specialized cell of immune system which contains chemicals that assist in the immune response.

Answer 27

Mast Cells

Question 28

A product of mast cells and basophils that causes vasodilation, capillary permeability, bronchoconstriction, and contraction of the gut.

Answer 28

Histamine

Question 29

Marked edema of the skin that usually involves the head, neck, face, and upper airway; a common manifestation of severe allergic reactions and anaphylaxis.

Answer 29

Angioneurotic Edema

Question 30

Substance released from basophils and mast cells that causes spasm of the bronchiole smooth muscle, resulting in an asthma-like attack and occasionally anaphylaxis.

Answer 30

Slow-reaction substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A)

Question 31

The raised areas, or wheals, that occur on the surface of the skin, associated this vasodilation due to histamine release; commonly called “hives”.

Answer 31

Uticaria