32: Gastroenterology Flashcards
Inflammation of the peritoneum, which lines the abdominal cavity.
Peritonitis
Dull,poorly localized pain that originates in the walls of hollow organs.
Visceral Pain
Sharp, localized pain that originates in walls of the body such as skeletal muscle.
Somatic Pain
Pain that originates in a region other than where it is felt.
Referred Pain
Ecchymosis in the periumbilical area.
Cullen’s Sign
Ecchymosis in the flanks.
Gray Turner’s Sign
Bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract proximal to the ligament of Treitz.
Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Bloody vomitus
Hematemesis
Dark, tarry, foul smelling stool indicating the presence of partially digested blood.
Melena
Swollen vein of the esophagus.
Esophageal Varix
Pertaining to the flow of blood into the liver.
Portal (portal vein)
Degenerative disease of the liver.
Cirrhosis
Sudden onset of inflammation of the stomach and intestines.
Acute Gastroenteritis
Bright red blood in the stool.
Hematochezia
Non-acute inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa.
Chronic Gastroenteritis
Erosion caused by gastric acid.
Peptic Ulcer
Condition that causes the stomach to secrete excessive amounts of hydrochloric acid and pepsin.
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
Bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract distal to the ligament of Treitz.
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding
Ulcerative colitis spread throughout the entire colon.
Pancolitis
Acute pain associated with cramping or spasm in the abdominal organs.
Colic
Idiopathic inflammatory bowel disorder associated with the small intestine.
Crohn’s Disease
inflammation of diverticula
Diverticulitis
Presence of diverticula, with or without associated bleeding.
Diverticulosis
Small outpouchings in the mucosal lining of the intestinal tract.
Diverticula
Small mass of swollen veins in the anus or rectum.
Hemarrhoid
Blockage of the hollow space within the hollow space within the intestines.
Bowel obstruction
Protrusion of an organ through its protective sheath.
Hernia
Condition that occurs when part of an intestine slips into the part just distal to itself.
Intussusception
Union of normally separate tissue surfaces by a fibrous band of new tissue.
Adhesion
Twisting of the intestine on itself.
Volvulus
Area of dead tissue caused by lack of blood.
Infarction
Inflammation of the vermiform appendix at the junction of the large and small intestines.
Appendicitis
Common site of pain from appendicitis, 1-2 inches above the anterior iliac crest in a direct line with the umbilicus.
McBurney’s Point
Pain caused when an inflamed gallbladder is palpated by pressing under the right costal margin.
Murphy’s Sign
