3.4 Flashcards
Your digestive system contains several organs trough which food travels, what are they?
Oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus
Which food places are an important role in digestion, although food does not travel past them
Tongue, teeth, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
You swallowed and your food enters the oesophagus what is it and what is it’s function
It’s a muscular tube, which moves food towards your stomach, the muscles in the lining of the oesophagus contract and relax in turn and food is squeezed towards your stomach
What is peristalsis
It’s the process where the circular muscles in front of the food bolus relax and the circular muscles behind the food bolus contract and push the food bolus forward
What is your stomach exactly?
It’s a muscular bag where food spends between 2-4 hours it’s connected to the oesophagus
What is the pylorus and what does it
It controls the flow of food towards your intestines, it’s a special muscular ring
What are gastric juices
Stomach juices that contain digestive enzymes to break down protein
What is gastric acid
It destroys bacteria you may have ingested along with your food
Why does gastric acid not destroy your stomach wall?
A mucosal layer on the inside of your stomach prevents it doing any damage
What is the pH
The measure of a liquids sourness
Which ph is considered neutral and high etc
7 is neutral, lower is acidic, higher is basic
What is the length of the duodenum?
It’s 12 fingers long
In the duodenum food is further digested with the help of the juices what are they
Pancreatic juice and bile
What is the function of pancreatic juice
It contains enzymes that break down carbohydrates proteins and fats
What is bile
It’s produced in the liver but stored in the gallbladder, it doesn’t contain enzymes
What is emulsification
It’s the process where gastric acid in the stomach makes large drops of fat flood on top of a liquid and bile turns in into tiny droplets
Bile makes mechanical digestion easier by?
Increasing the surface area of food which enables enzymes to break down the nutrients
How long is the small intestine
5 to seven metres lomg
Digestion is completed inside the small intestine, how?
Enzymes in intestinal juices break down any undigested carbohydrates and proteins. The enzymes of the pancreas break down fats. At the capillaries all end products of digestion are absorbed into the blood stream
The lining of the small intestine is not smooth but has a structure called villi, what is that
It’s a finger like structure, it increases the surface of the intestinal lining.
What is the function of villi
It increases the surface area of the intestinal lining = larger surface where nutrients can be absorbed = better absorption. Nutrition blood from small intestine travel’s trough hepatic portal vein to the liver where it travels to rest of body
The large intestine has a length of, why is it called that way
1.2 , because of its 6.5 cm diameter
What happens at the large intestine
When waste, water, and digestive juices entered the large intestineWater is absorbed into bloodstream and the waste becomes solid and is called faeces
What is digested in mouth, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, large intestine, rectum
Starch by amylase
Protein by pepsin
Fats carbo and pro
No digestion
No digestion
