3.3.3 Hardiness Evaluation (Str) Flashcards

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1
Q

(Importance of 3Cs) maddi believed all 3 parts of the hardy personality were required to do what?

A

Have the buffering effect against stress

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2
Q

(Importance of 3Cs) does Sandvik agree or disagree with maddi?

A

Disagree

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3
Q

(Importance of 3Cs) who did sandvik study and when?

A

21 Norwegian navy cadets during a stressful exercise

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4
Q

(Importance of 3Cs) what did sandvik obtain from the cadets?

A

Hardiness scores before hand

Blood samples at the middle and end of the exercise

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5
Q

(Importance of 3Cs) sandvik found all cadets were high in what?

A

Hardiness

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6
Q

(Importance of 3Cs) sandvik - what did it mean if the cadets were unbalanced?

A

High in commitment and control

Low in challenge

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7
Q

(Importance of 3Cs) sandvik found those unbalanced showed what response to stress?

A

Damaging immune response

More vulnerable to stress

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8
Q

(Importance of 3Cs) sandvik’s research suggests particular parts of the hardy personality may do what?

A

Have more of an effect in buffering against stress

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9
Q

(Consistency of findings) benefits of hardiness have been shown across what?

A

Wide range of groups and settings

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10
Q

(Consistency of findings) Beasley et al found uni students scoring high in hardiness showed what?

A

Reduced levels of psychological stress

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11
Q

(Consistency of findings) Bartone found soldiers with higher hardiness were better able to do what?

A

Cope with stress in their normal life’s and combat

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12
Q

(Consistency of findings) Bartone - soldiers high in hardiness were less likely to experience what?

A

Long term negative consequences e.g. PTSD

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13
Q

(Consistency of findings) this is a strength it shows hardiness can benefit who?

A

Everyone

High in reliability

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14
Q

(Inconsistency of findings) what did Shepard find in his research?

A

Gender differences

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15
Q

(Inconsistency of findings) Shepard - hardy personalities particularly control and commitment were more likely to benefit who?

A

Men

They have fewer stress related illnesses

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16
Q

(Inconsistency of findings) Shepard - women high in hardiness are still likely to what?

A

Experience stress related illnesses

17
Q

(Inconsistency of findings) Shepard’s research suggests there is what?

A

Important gender difference we can’t ignore

18
Q

(Issues in measuring) what is one issue of measuring hardiness?

A

Researchers using a number of scales

19
Q

(Issues in measuring) what could researchers using different scales explain?

A

Inconsistency in research findings

20
Q

(Issues in measuring) different questionnaires may measure what?

A

Different things e.g. One may measure commitment and another control

21
Q

(Issues in measuring) with using different scales there is a lack of what?

A

Inter rater reliability

22
Q

(Issues in measuring) what did funk recommend research should use?

A

Dispositional resilience scale

DRS

23
Q

(Issues in measuring) what are some strengths of the DRS?

A

Uniform approach
Measures all 3 components equally
More widely available

24
Q

(Issues in measuring) why might social desirability be an issue in measuring hardiness?

A

People low in hardiness may be reluctant to admit to not enjoying spending time with family or not taking care of their health

25
Q

(Issues in measuring) social desirability leads to reduced what?

A

Accuracy/validity

26
Q

(Internal validity) why do we want research to be high in internal validity?

A

So it actually measures what it claims to

27
Q

(Internal validity) funk and Houston noted many questions used to assess hardiness are also used to assess what?

A

Neuroticism

28
Q

(Internal validity) e.g. On a hardiness scale it says if someone gets mad at me it is no fault of mine, what does it say on a neuroticism scale?

A

I feel I have been punished without cause

29
Q

(Internal validity) this is a weakness as questionnaires may be doing what?

A

Measuring neuroticism rather than hardiness

30
Q

(Real life applications) how has hardiness been applied?

A

Training programmes

31
Q

(Real life applications) maddi compared a group given hardiness training to who?

A

Group given relaxation training

And a control group

32
Q

(Real life applications) Maddi - hardiness training increased what? And decreased what?

A

Increased job satisfaction

Decreased anxiety and illness

33
Q

(Real life applications) Maddi’s research suggests what?

A

Hardiness training can benefit people and improve their lives