3.2.3 Cognitive Explanations Of Schizophrenia

Question 1

(Hallucinations) what percent of people have experienced hallucinations? (Clarborn)

Answer 1

2.5-4%

Question 2

(Hallucinations) most people experiencing hallucinations are not what?

Answer 2

Diagnosed with schizophrenia

Question 3

(Hallucinations) what can cause people to hear voices in maladaptive ways? (Morrison)

Answer 3

Triggers e.g. Sleep deprivation

Question 4

(Hallucinations) what happens to the voices that are heard?

Answer 4

They are processes inappropriately

Question 5

(Hallucinations) give an example of voices being processed inappropriately:

Answer 5

Thinking they belong to the devil

Question 6

(Hallucinations) this inappropriate processing can lead to what?

Answer 6

Social withdrawal and self harm

Question 7

(Hallucinations)this is a vicious circle involving what?

Answer 7

Hallucinations 
Inappropriate processing
Social withdrawl
Sadness and shame
Reinforces the voices messages

Question 8

(Negative symptoms) what does the cognitive approach have difficulty explaining?

Answer 8

Negative symptoms

E.g. Alogia, flatness of effect, avolition

Question 9

(Negative symptoms) beck drew a theory from what?

Answer 9

Cognitive triad

Question 10

(Negative symptoms) Beck - what is the cognitive triad most commonly used to explain?

Answer 10

Depression

Question 11

(Negative symptoms) in the cognitive triad there are negative views about what 3 things?

Answer 11

The world
The future
Oneself

Question 12

(Negative symptoms) give an example about a negative view of the future:

Answer 12

I will never be good at anything

Question 13

(Negative symptoms) give an example of a negative view of oneself:

Answer 13

I am worthless

Question 14

(Negative symptoms) give an example of negative views about the world:

Answer 14

Everyone is against me

Question 15

(Negative symptoms) Beck proposed individuals with schizophrenia endorsed what?

Answer 15

Dysfunctional beliefs about their performance and ability to experience pleasure

Question 16

(Negative symptoms) Beck - schizophrenic individuals also hold what view of the future?

Answer 16

Cynical and gloomy view

Question 17

(Negative symptoms) Beck - a schizophrenics mental filters only allow in what?

Answer 17

Negative messages

Question 18

(Negative symptoms) Beck - negative messages along with inappropriate processing does what?

Answer 18

Supports their pessimistic view resulting in symptoms

Question 19

(Lack of preconscious filters) Frith proposed positive symptoms can be explained by what?

Answer 19

Difficulties in inhibiting preconscious content

Question 20

(Lack of preconscious filters) Frith - normally our senses receive a lot of info from where?

Answer 20

Our environment

Question 21

(Lack of preconscious filters) when we become aware of the info what do we do?

Answer 21

Interpret it in our preconscious

Question 22

(Lack of preconscious filters) Frith - the best fit of the incoming info does what?

Answer 22

Gets propelled into our conscious allowing us to make sense of the info

Question 23

(Lack of preconscious filters) what are the attentional filters?

Answer 23

Those inhibiting most of the info making it out of our preconscious

Question 24

(Lack of preconscious filters) Frith - in some people these attentional filters are what?

Answer 24

Defective

Question 25

(Lack of preconscious filters) individuals with schizophrenia receive so much what?

Answer 25

Info and ways to interpret it that they find it difficult to carry out action

Question 26

(Lack of preconscious filters) with delusions a defective preconscious filter leads to what?

Answer 26

Misinterpreting of sound hearing it as voices

Question 27

(Compromised theory of mind) those with schizophrenia have difficulty understanding what?

Answer 27

Others thoughts and intentions

Question 28

(Compromised theory of mind) difficulty in understanding influences their what?

Answer 28

Language use and speech interpretation

Question 29

(Compromised theory of mind) e.g. Delusions of alien control involves inability to self what?

Answer 29

Self monitor and recognise the voice in your head

Question 30

(Compromised theory of mind) E.g. Delusions of persecution involve inability to do what? Give an example:

Answer 30

Interpret others thought and action | E.g. Someone makes eye contact they are convinced they are following them

Question 31

(Compromised theory of mind) a schizophrenic person holds mundane events as what?

Answer 31

Personally meaningful and significant

Question 32

(Compromised theory of mind) Frith theory of mind might account for what types of disorders?

Answer 32

Disorders of willed action Disorders of self monitoring Disorders of monitoring others thoughts

Question 33

(Compromised theory of mind) what are disorders of willed action?

Answer 33

Difficulty understanding own thought and behaviour (disorganised thinking)

Question 34

(Compromised theory of mind) what are disorders of self monitoring?

Answer 34

Alien control hallucinations

Question 35

(Compromised theory of mind) what are disorders of monitoring others thoughts?

Answer 35

Persecution delusions

Question 36

(Schemas) hemsley suggested in people with schizophrenia their is a breakdown between what info?

Answer 36

Info already held in our memories - schemas and new sensory information

Question 37

(Schemas) e.g at a meal at a restaurant we know what from our past experiences?

Answer 37

What to expect

Question 38

(Schemas) processing normally takes place quickly without what?

Answer 38

Conscious awareness

Question 39

(Schemas) Hemsley said in schizophrenia what are not activated?

Answer 39

Our schemas

Question 40

(Schemas) as schemas aren't activated people experience sensory overload and do not know what?

Answer 40

What to pay attention to and what to ignore

Question 41

(Schemas) this can lead to poor what?

Answer 41

Concentration

Question 42

(Schemas) superficial incidents such as a conversation at the next table may be seen as what?

Answer 42

Highly significant and personally relevant | Possibly explaining delusions