3.2.4 Sociocultural Factors (Sch)

Question 1

What are sociocultural factors?

Answer 1

Aspects of your society of culture that influence your behaviour or mental health

Question 2

“To understand the causes of schizophrenia the role of what cannot be ignored?”

Answer 2

The social environment

Question 3

(Urbanicity) there is higher prevalence of schizophrenia where?

Answer 3

In urban areas compared to rural

Question 4

(Urbanicity) 1939 - it was found there was a higher incidence of schizophrenia where?

Answer 4

Inner city areas - Chicago

Question 5

(Urbanicity) what is a criticism of the 1939 research?

Answer 5

Old piece of research - inaccurate diagnosis of schizophrenia at the time
The term covered many mental illnesses

Question 6

(Urbanicity) Os et al - how much higher was the incidence of schizophrenia in those born and raised in urban areas?

Answer 6

0.5%

Question 7

(Urbanicity) Os et al - the usual rate of schizophrenia is what?

Answer 7

1%

Question 8

(Urbanicity) Os et al - the rate of schizophrenia for those in urban areas was what?

Answer 8

1.5%

Question 9

(Urbanicity) What is the likely reason for higher rates of schizophrenia in urban areas?

Answer 9

Environmental features of urban life

Question 10

(Urbanicity) what environmental features might these be?

Answer 10

Pollution - leader petrol

Flu infections during pregnancy due to more people around

Question 11

(Urbanicity) what needs to be carefully considered?

Answer 11

The mechanisms of urbanicity

Question 12

(Urbanicity) the UN estimate by 2050 how many of the worlds population will live in an urban environment?

Answer 12

66%

Question 13

(Urbanicity) the more people in cities, the more what?

Answer 13

People at risk

Question 14

(Social isolation) individuals with schizophrenia tend to report what types of backgrounds?

Answer 14

Solitary

Fewer friends and limited social networks

Question 15

(Social isolation) it is suggest d people with schizophrenia find contact stressful so they do what?

Answer 15

Withdraw

Question 16

(Social isolation) urbanicity and overcrowding can lead to what?

Answer 16

Isolation

Question 17

(Social isolation) fairs - self imposed isolation has what effect?

Answer 17

Cuts the individual from feedback about what behaviours are inappropriate
Without corrective feedback they behave strangely

Question 18

(Ethnicity and discrimination) stats have shown what about the Afro-Caribbean communities?

Answer 18

Higher than expected number of individuals with schizophrenia

Question 19

(Ethnicity and discrimination) McGovern and Cope studied who?

Answer 19

Psychotic patients held in hospitals in Birmingham

Question 20

(Ethnicity and discrimination) McGovern and cope - what proportion of patients in hospitals were Afro-Caribbean?

Answer 20

2/3

Question 21

(Ethnicity and discrimination) McGovern and Cope - what proportion of patients were white or Asian?

Answer 21

1/3

Question 22

(Ethnicity and discrimination) McGovern and Cope - Afro-caribbeans are how many times more likely?

Answer 22

2x

Question 23

(Ethnicity and discrimination) Cochrane - black Afro-Caribbean immigrants are how many times more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia?

Answer 23

7x

Question 24

(Ethnicity and discrimination) Kirkbride - there were higher rates of schizophrenia for who?

Answer 24

Black immigrants in black communities compared to those in ethnically intergrated areas

Question 25

(Ethnicity and discrimination) why can the stats not be explained by genetics?

Answer 25

Increased risk not apparent in studies in the Caribbean - Mahy et al

Question 26

(Ethnicity and discrimination) a more reasonable explanation for the statistics is that what leads to schizophrenia?

Answer 26

Stress induced through migration to a different culture

Question 27

(Ethnicity and discrimination) if the idea of migration was true what would you expect?

Answer 27

High rates of schizophrenia in first generation immigrants

Question 28

(Ethnicity and discrimination) but what did Harrison et al find about schizophrenia rates?

Answer 28

Found in first generation immigrants and the children of immigrants

Question 29

(Ethnicity and discrimination) it has been suggested discrimination where is a likely explanation?

Answer 29

Society and psychiatry

Question 30

(Ethnicity and discrimination) racism is stressful and unpleasant and may be a what?

Answer 30

Risk factor

Question 31

(Ethnicity and discrimination) who is psychiatry dominated by and why might this be an issue?

Answer 31

``` Middle class white males Ethnocentric view imposing their expectations ```

Question 32

(Social class) there has been found to be a high incidence of schizophrenia in who?

Answer 32

Those of a low social class

Question 33

(Social class) Johnstone - lower class mental health patients were likely to do what?

Answer 33

Spend longer in hospital | Receive poorer prognosis

Question 34

(Social class) Kirkbride - the rate of schizophrenia is 4x higher where?

Answer 34

Heavily populated deprived communities

Question 35

(Social class) Harrison - risk of adult onset schizophrenia increased with what?

Answer 35

Levels of deprivation at birth

Question 36

(Social class) some argue lower class individuals are more likely to be what?

Answer 36

Diagnosed

Question 37

(Social class)where a lower class persons behaviour may be seen as mental illness in a higher class it may be what?

Answer 37

Eccentric