2.6.2 Kohlberg Evaluation Flashcards
(ecological validity) why did Kohlberg’s research lack ecological validity?
hypothetical moral dilemmas e.g. cancer drug scenario
(ecological validity) Gilligan - Kohlberg’s research wasn’t based on real life what?
decisions
(ecological validity) Gilligan - the hypothetical scenarios would make little sense to who?
the younger children
(ecological validity) Gilligan’s own research was based on what?
people’s own moral dilemmas e.g. abortion
(ecological validity) what does it mean to lack ecological validity?
not reflective of real life
(population validity) what does population validity refer to?
whether the participants in the sample are representative of the whole population
(population validity) why was Kohlberg’s research androcentric, containing a beta gender bias?
all male sample
stages of development then generalised to women - says there is no difference
(population validity) Gilligan said men and women show different what?
morality
(population validity) Gilligan said men have a morality of what?
justice
(population validity) Gilligan said women have a morality of what?
care
(population validity) Gilligan - Kohlberg’s dilemmas were focused on justice which could make women be perceived as what?
morally inferior if using Kohlberg’s stages
(population validity) But Gilligan’s findings are not reliable, why?
both men and women use both types of reasoning
(population validity) Walter found women were not what?
rated differently using Kohlberg’s stages
(culture bias) the research was good as it was what?
cross cultural
(culture bias) why could Kohlberg’s moral dilemmas be viewed as eurocentric? and why is this an issue?
developed in west
they may be interpreted differently in non western cultures and therefore are not applicable
(culture bias) using these tools on non western cultures could lead to them what?
being perceived as morally inferior - lower level of moral reasoning
(culture bias) Kohlberg’s research was also mainly based on participants from which type of cultures? who might this disadvantage?
individualist cultures
may disadvantage collectivist
(culture bias) research evidence from India has shown what?
different interpretations of the scenario led to the conclusion of lower levels of moral reasoning
(social desirability) what is social desirability?
giving what is seen as the correct answer to make yourself look better
(social desirability) in the dilemma discussions why may people display social desirability?
to seem more moral e.g. saying they would steal the drug even though they wouldn’t
(social desirability) if participants show social desirability what is the researcher measuring?
lies not truthful responses
lack of internal validity
(predictive validity) the theory would predict what type of correlation between level of moral development and likelihood of cheating?
negative
the more moral - less likely to cheat
(predictive validity) research shows what percentage of those with level 5-6 reasoning cheat on a test?
15%
(predictive validity) research shows what percentage of those with level 1-2 reasoning cheat on a test?
75%
(predictive validity) however why is predictive validity not that simplistic?
it depends on the behaviour e.g. they might not cheat but they could steal
(ethics) why was consent an issue with Kohlberg’s research?
some of the participants were under 16 and were unable to give full informed consent
(ethics) why was psychological harm an issue with Kohlberg’s research?
saying people were less moral than others
(application) what did Kohlberg suggest a practical application of his research would be?
moral development classes in schools to help children reach higher levels of moral development
