1.1.2 Psychosurgery Flashcards

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1
Q

Applying the biological approach to psychosurgery

A
  • Assumes localisation of brain function plays a significant role in shaping bhevaiour
  • Assumes that psychological disorders are caused by damage/abnormlaities to specific parts of the brain
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2
Q

Psychosurgery aims

A
  • Relieve stress and anxiety disorders such as depression and OCD
  • Aims to sever nerve firbres and detroy brain tissue in order to prevent the localised part of the brain from functioning
  • This should supress the symptoms of the disorder while allowing other parts of the brain to function normally
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3
Q

Give an example of psychosurgery

A

Destroying the fibres in the frontal lobe of a depressed person (as this regulates mood) should alleviate their symptoms of distressing thoughts and anxiety

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4
Q

When was the prefrontal lobotomy first used

A

1930’s

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5
Q

What did the prefrontal lobotomy involve

A
  • Destroying tissue in the frontal lobe
  • Holes were drilled in either side of the skull and an instrument resembling an ice pick was inserted to detroy nerve fibres
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6
Q

What 2 procedures were developed from the prefrontal lobotomy

A
  • Leucotomy
  • Transorbital lobotomy
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7
Q

Describe a leucotomy

A
  • Narrow device (leucotome) inserted into rge frontal lobe
  • Retractable wire loop was then extended and rotated in order to destroy nerve fibres
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8
Q

Describe transorbital lobotomy

A
  • Knife known as an ice-pick was insterted under the eye lid into the back of the eye socket
  • This would break through the skull and then be moved around in order to detroy nerve fibres
  • This would be done through both eyes
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9
Q

How has modern psychosurgery become far more precise and less invasive

A
  • Instead of destroying large sections of frontal lobe tissue, MRI scans are carried out to locate exact points within the brain that can be served
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10
Q

Describe bilateral cingulotomy

A
  • MRI scans are carried out to locate exact points within the brain that can be served
  • Carried out under anaesthetic
  • Specific nerve fibres are burnt away by heating the tip of an electrode, or using a gamma knife to beam radiation at the specific location
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11
Q

Describe Deep brain stimulation

A
  • Surgeons thread wires through the skull but no brain tissue is destroyed
  • The wires remain embedded in the brain and are connected to an external battery pack
  • The current will interupt brain circuitory involved in the mental disorder being treated
  • Can be turned off and brain goes back to normal at any point
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