33 Inflammation (Chronic Inflammation)

Question 1

What are the 4 main cell types involved in chronic inflammation?

Answer 1

macrophage: 
replace neutrophils
phagocytic cells
regulate T lymphocytes
secrete inflammatory mediators
release growth factors to stimulate healing

T lymphocytes:
read antigens presented by macrophages
activate B lymphocytes

B lymphocytes: produce specific antibodies to attack antigens

fibroblasts:
produce collagen to replace dead tissue cells (fibrosis)

Question 2

what occurs in chronic inflammation?

Answer 2

neutrophils replaced by macrophages (more specific actions than neutrophils)

infiltration of T and B lymphocytes (create specific antigens to attack antibodies)

fibroblasts arrive and fibrosis occurs

proliferation of small blood vessels

healing and inflammation occur at the same time

Question 3

what is a granuloma?

Answer 3

a protective structure formed around an antigen or foreign substance if it cannot be healed through acute or chronic inflammation

Question 4

describe the structure of a granuloma

Answer 4

4 main layers:

foreign body at the centre

a ring of macrophages around the foreign body

another ring of macrophages, plasma cells and T lymphocytes

fibroblasts form a capsule around the granuloma

Question 5

which type of immune system is chronic inflammation a part of?

Answer 5

adaptive immune system