3.2.3.1 Psychological factors that can influence an individual in physical activities 3.2.3.1.8 Social facilitation Flashcards
social facilitation
“affect of others”
positive effects that the presence of others has on performance
social inhibition
negative effects the presence of others has on performance
=makes them feel nervous = performance level drop
examples of those who experience social facilitation
extrovert
expert
simple skill
gross skill
examples of those who experience social inhibition
introvert (struggle to perform at high arousal)
beginner
complex
fine
BEDTOP
behavioural effects due to others present
factors that affect performance/affect performers behaviour
- audience (passive)
- co-actors (passive) = those in same task not involved in direct competition
- competitors (active/interactive)
- social reinforcers
passive vs active
passive: no direct influence presence=increase arousal
active: encouragement advice or cause distraction (directly influence)
zajonc’s model
-similar to drive theory of arousal
presence of other people == increased arousal == dominant response(experience & difficulty of skill)
correct response = social facilitation
incorrect response = social inhibition
evaluative apprehension
arousal = -ve effect -> judged by audience (nervous)
-social inhibition
- crowd = not enough unless judged
- training coach deciding who’s in match
- high anxiety, low confidence & inexperienced
social reinforcers
people who have direct influence on performance and presence is part of event
whether outcome inhibits or facilitates is down to 4 things
- arousal and anxiety levels
- experience
- personality type
- task type
6 strategies to minimise social inhibition
- focus/concentration improving SA
- mental rehearsal
- audiences in practice sessions
- autonomous stage of learning (correct D response)
- goal setting = become better at mental rehearsal and reduce anxiety
- gradually introduce evaluation
