3.2.3.1 Psychological factors that can influence an individual in physical activities. 3.2.3.1.4 Anxiety

Question 1

anxiety

Answer 1

level of nervousness or irrational thinking

a negative response to a threatening situation

Question 2

causes of anxiety

Answer 2

perception

one= nerves positive, lifts game excited 
one = nerves negative, losing/ team down,  anxiety

Question 3

types of anxiety

Answer 3

1. competitive trait anxiety
2. competitive state anxiety
3. cognitive anxiety
4. somatic anxiety

Question 4

competitive trait anxiety

Answer 4

• a disposition to suffer from nervousness in MOST sporting situations
  e. g. before playing football in any competitions feels anxious

Question 5

competitive state anxiety

Answer 5

nervous response to specific situation

e.g. before a cup final a football player gets nervous

Question 6

cognitive anxiety

Answer 6

psychological response/mental symptoms

higher before event peaks before somatic
decreases when event starts

Question 7

somatic anxiety

Answer 7

physiological response to anxiety, increased HR

Question 8

tests for anxiety

Answer 8

1. questionnaires (self report)
2. observations
3. physiological measures

Question 9

questionnaires

Answer 9

1. sports competition anxiety (SCAT)- tests trait anxiety done at any time (specifically in sporting situations)
2. competitive state anxiety inventory (CSAI 2) - measure cognitive and somatic anxiety
   closed question
3. State-trait anxiety inventory - distinguishes between specific state and trait anxiety

Question 10

observations

Answer 10

gaining a measure of anxiety by watching a sports performer

Question 11

physiological measures

Answer 11

factual data on somatic responses
tested via: heart rate monitor/BP

sweat rate (sweat rate = pre exercise body weight - post exercise body weight + fluid intake - urine volume/exercise time in hrs)

-EMG - muscle tension = signals for nerve impulse through pads on temples and wrists

Question 12

adv & dis of questionnaires

Answer 12

advs:
- quick cheap & efficient = large numbers
- compared easily

dis:
- not understand questions
- answer ‘ought’ rather than ‘actual’ (socially desirable)
- mood dependant (differ after win and loss)
- q leads to answer rather than asking = biased
- time = rushing

Question 13

adv & dis of observations

Answer 13

benefits:
realistic approach

limitations: 
observer opinion,  athlete "normally" acts
time consuming 
require more than 1 person 
hard to compare 
observers paradox

Question 14

adv & dis of physiological measures

Answer 14

benefits:
objective data = easy comparisons
training & competitions (HR devices in clothing)

drawbacks: 
training = how to use 
device = restrict/not possible 
aware of observations = false readings  
exercise = physiological changes anyway

Question 15

list of causes of anxiety

Answer 15

1. task importance
2. losing/fear of failure
3. perceived inaccuracy of official
4. fouled
5. injury/fear of
6. lack of confidence
7. audience
8. evaluation apprehension