3.2.3.1 Psychological factors that can influence an individual in physical activities. 3.2.3.1.12 Self-efficacy and confidence

Question 1

confidence (self)

Answer 1

-belief in ability to master a task/skill
successfully perform desired behaviour
self: general feeling of confidence towards an activity, opponent, challenge etc

Question 2

self efficacy

Answer 2

situational specific form of self confidence, directed to certain aspect of performance
confidence in specific task, sport or situation

-belief in ability to master a specific sporting situation

Question 3

confidence 3 impacts & 3 depends on

Answer 3

impacts:
1training
2attitude
3achievement motivation

depends on:
interactionist: 1experience, 2personality, 3situation

Question 4

types of confidence

Answer 4

1. trait:

2. state

Question 5

competitive orientation

Answer 5

degree to which a performer is drawn to challenging situations

Question 6

Vealey’s model of sports confidence

4 factors affecting sports confidence

Answer 6

1. trait confidence
2. state confidence
3. competitive orientation
4. situation (experience, been in situation before)

• gained in 1 area of sport, = confidence in other areas
• skill performed= evaluated = judges how well = OSS
• future confidence result of judgement = increase future confidence& develop competitive orientation
• subjective outcome occurs

Question 7

objective sporting situation (OSS)

Answer 7

• performance takes into account situation in which task is being undertaken
• combination: type of skill & the situation
  e. g. skill success past = trait and state high
  e. g. large crowd = pressure

Question 8

subjective outcome

Answer 8

• judgement of the athlete
• judgement good = trait confidence &CO increase
• judgement bad = decrease

e.g. player use slice serve to save break point by acing, player would be confident in doing that serve again

Question 9

6 Sources of confidence

Answer 9

1. Physical and metal prep
2. Mastery skills
3. Styling (demo in front of, vicarious experience)
4. Environmental comfort
5. Effective leadership (goals)
6. Social reinforcement

Question 10

5 ways to Increase confidence of performance using Vealey’s model:

Answer 10

1-mastering skill
2-positive reinforcement
3-goal setting (SMART and process/performance) = confidence, avoiding failure
4-physical and mental prep (fitness & S manage)
5-environmental comfort (train & matches)

Question 11

Banduras model of self efficacy

Answer 11

1. Performance accomplishments
2. Vicarious experience
3. Verbal persuasion
4. Emotional arousal

Question 12

Performance accomplishments

Answer 12

-past experience
E.g. high jump 1.2m in training do 1.1m in comp
-enhanced if not only won but enjoyed it

Question 13

Vicarious experience

Answer 13

Watch others do the same task and be successful

-see a gymnast similar to me perform a vault = gives confidence to think I can do it too

Question 14

Verbal persuasion

Answer 14

Power of reinforcement and encouragement
Who can give coach, fellow players, spectators
effective = someone high self esteem (significant others)

Question 15

Emotional arousal

Answer 15

Deal with emotions (keep calm) anxiety & arousal
-teams deal with anxiety better get better results
-stress management techniques
“What if we lose now so close” or “we got this 1 minute to go”

Question 16

How can a coach improve confidence?
10 ways
(use 4 influences of self efficacy help improve/promote confidence)

Answer 16

1. Control arousal/anxiety = stress management
2. Demonstrations (similar level/respect)
3. Past successes
4. support/encouragement (+ve reinforcement
5. success during training
6. achievable goals (process) (don’t compare)
7. Attribution
8. Mental practice
9. One to one coaching
10. Master skill

Question 17

5 reasons Why is self efficacy so important (impact of these)

Answer 17

1. positive attitude
2. motivation
3. fear of failure
4. Reduces anxiety
5. reach optimal arousal

Question 18

2 factors of Home field advantage

HOME

Answer 18

1-support (through home fans) = pressure

2-environmental comfort = home comfort (family/friends)

Question 19

5 factors of Home field advantage

AWAY

Answer 19

1-hostile & foreign env (arousal/anxiety)
2-away = tired time difference jet lag
3-pre game rituals
4-travelling as a team (team building cohesion)
5-less pressure from home fans

Question 20

trait confidence

Answer 20

constant, low anxiety, trait sports = across all sports

belief in ability to do well in range of sports

Question 21

state confidence

Answer 21

situation specific-,
temporary/changeable, depending on interaction experience & personality (learned)
-performer rates ability at a particular moment

(belief in ability to master specific sporting movement)