3.2

Question 1

what is the theory of evolution

Answer 1

the evolution of an organism occurs as a result of the different fertility and survival of organisms with different genotypes (genetic variation) leading to different phenotypes within a specific environment those alleles that deliver the adaptation best suited to the environment are most likely to be passed onto the next generation

Question 2

niche

Answer 2

the role of an organsim in the community

Question 3

anatomical adaptations

Answer 3

form and structure of an organism

Question 4

physiological adaptations

Answer 4

the way the body of an organism works

Question 5

behavorial adaptations

Answer 5

changes to programmed or instinctive behaviour making organisms better adapted for survival

Question 6

industrial melanism

Answer 6

industrial increase darkened the tree and this meant the darker coloured moths survived and passed on the advantageous allele
this then reversed when industry decreased

Question 7

penicillin

Answer 7

affect gram +ve with thick peptodeglycin walls

Question 8

issues with antibiotics

Answer 8

when they are over prescribed
not finished
or taken for a virus
the bacteria can become resistant meaning antibiotics no longer work and this can spread until the whole species becomes useless
this is an issue because there may come a time where no new antibiotics are made meaning people could start to rapidly die from bacterial infections

Question 9

speciation

Answer 9

formation of a new species from isolation

Question 10

geographical isolation

Answer 10

a physical barrier eg river or mountain

Question 11

ecological isolation

Answer 11

two populations inhabit the same region but develop different prefrences

Question 12

seasonal isolation

Answer 12

timing of mating season changes

Question 13

behavoral isolation

Answer 13

changes occur in the courtship ritual

Question 14

mechanical isolation

Answer 14

mutation that occurs in the genetalia making it possible for them to only mate succeasfully with certian members

Question 15

allopatric speciation

Answer 15

when species are physically or geographicaly seperated in some way
-geographic isolation occurs
-where there is different selection pressures and conditions
-so the groups are adapted to different environments
-so theres a change in the allele frequencies
- two groups can no longer succesfully interbreed

Question 16

sympatric speciation

Answer 16

random mutation occurs
behavioral change
individuals with and without cannot
successfully interbreed
reproductive isolation
no gene flow
very rare

Question 17

adaptive radiation

Answer 17

when one species evolves rapidly to form a number of different species which all fill different neiches