10.2 Flashcards
producers
make food
autotrophs / photoautotrophs
e.g plants in photosynthesis
primary consumers
the organisms, mainly animals that eat producers
herbivores
heterotroph
secondary consumers
animals that feed on herbivores
carnivores
heterotroph
nutrients used for metabolic reaction
tertiary consumers
animals that feed on other carnivores
top predators unless quaternary
use molecules for metabolic reactions
community
multiple interacting populations in an enviroment
ecosystem
all of the living organisms which interact and the nutrients cyling through them in an area
biome
major ecosystems of the world
taiga
temperate band of woodland in the northern hemisphere
population
number of one species in one place at one time
adaptation
a characteristics that improves an organisms chance of survival
sucession
process of a community changing over time
pioneer species - normally
- plant
-autotrophic
-nitrogen fixing
decompostion recycles minerals
plants grow due to minerals
create neiches
goes through seres
go onto climax community
diversity increases
resistance to change increases
primary succesion
no soil / bare rock
secondary succesion
some soil
from a disturbance e.g fire
intraspecific competition
between memebers of the same species
interspecific
different species in a community
gross primary productivity
the rate at which light from the sun catalyses the production of new plant material
g m-2 year -1
kj m-2 year -1
net primary productivity
plant material formed thats stored as new body tissues
energy in producers that transfers to primary consumers
gpp - r
increases when photosynthesis > respiration
equation to connect net and gross primary productivity
NPP=GPP-R(respiration)
nitrogen cycle
animals and plants die
decomposers break down into ammonium compounds
oxidised by nitrifying bacteria
converted to nitrates
in soil to be absorbed by plants
nitrogen in the soil converted to ammonia by nitrogen fixing bacteria- then nitrates by nitrifying.
legumes (peas) have nodules on roots with nitrogen fixing bacteria - mutualistic relationship
denitrifing bacteria turn nitrates to nitrogen gas
carbon cycle
co2 removed from air by photosynthesis
usd to make nutrients
plant eaten by animals
animals eaten by preditors
respiration releases co2
and when animals die decomposers break them down
decomposers respire
cites
conservation of international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora
-not all countries signed up
-can be overpowered
-cross borders
-expensive to monitor
energy in plants not eaten
passes to the animals
remains in plant biomass
released in respiration
why do tropic levels differ
diff organisms use diff proportions of energy as use preparation for movement
material not digested
lost to excresion
ecosystem
interactions between the enviroment and the organsism in it
genertic bottleneck
reduced gene pool
increased chance of inheriting harmful recessive alleles
