3.1.2 (2C) - neurotransmitters + neuromodulators

Question 1

The neural synapse

Answer 1

A region that included the axon terminals of the presynaptic neuron (releases neurochemicals into the gap), the synaptic space (space in-between the pre and post neuron), and the dendrites of the postsynaptic neuron (receives neurochemicals from the synapse).

Question 2

Synaptic transmission

Answer 2

The chemical conveyance of neural information between two neurons across a synapse.

Question 3

Neurotransmitters

Answer 3

A chemical molecule that has an effect on one or two postsynaptic neurons.

Question 4

Excitatory neurotransmitters

Answer 4

Will have an excitatory effect/increase the likelihood of the action potential firing in the postsynaptic neuron.
- Glutamate.

Question 5

Glutamate

Answer 5

Role in learning + memory and enables synaptic plasticity, role in thought + movement.

Question 6

Inhibitory neurotransmitters

Answer 6

Will have an inhibitory effect/decrease the likelihood of an action potential forming in the postsynaptic neuron.
- GABA

Question 7

GABA (gamma-amminobutyric acid)

Answer 7

Reduces anxiety through it’s role in regulating postsynaptic activation in neural pathways. Also role in preventing seizures through inhibiting the uncontrolled firing of action potential.

Question 8

Neuromodulators

Answer 8

A chemical molecule that has an effect on multiple post-synaptic neurons.
- Dopamine + serotonin

Question 9

Dopamine

Answer 9

Neuromodulator primarily responsible for voluntary motor movement, the experience of pleasure, and reward-based learning.

Question 10

Serotonin

Answer 10

A neuromodulator primarily responsible for the regulation of mood + sleep.