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Biology > 31. Endocrine > Flashcards

31. Endocrine Flashcards

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1
Q

Label the endocrine system

  1. Punching bag, bottom of brain
  2. Back of brain
  3. Front of brain
  4. Bottom of throat
  5. Top of throat
  6. Top of throat
  7. Top of kidneys
  8. Digestive system
  9. Reproductive
A
  1. Pituitary gland
  2. Pineal gland
  3. Hypothalamus
  4. Thymus
  5. Thyroid
  6. Parathyroid
  7. Adrenal
  8. Pancreas
  9. Ovaries/Testes
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2
Q

Endocrine system def.

A

A group of specialised tissues, known as glands, that produce chemicals called hormones

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3
Q

Endocrine gland vs. Exocrine gland

A

Endocrine-Exocrine
ductless organ-has ducts
secreted by blood-by ducts

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4
Q

Def. of a hormone

A

A chemical message, protein in nature, produced in one part of the body and causes a response in another part of the body.

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5
Q

Pancreas
Type of gland
name of part involved in endocrine system

A

Both exocrine and endocrine.

Islets of Langerhans=endocrine

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6
Q

Pineal
Location
Hormone
Function

A

Location: Back of brain
Hormone: Melatonin
Function:Sleeping patterns, ovulation, bodily rhythms

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7
Q

Thyroid
Location
Hormone
Function

A

Location: Throat
Hormone: Thyroxine
Function: Controls Metabolism

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8
Q

Parathyroid
Location
Hormone
Function

A

Location: Behind thyroid
Hormone: Parathyroid hormone
Function: Controls calcium levels in blood

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9
Q

Thymus
Location
Hormone
Function

A

Location: Top of chest, behind breastbone
Hormone: Thymosine
Function: Maturing WBC-degenerates after puberty and lymphatic system takes over

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10
Q

Adrenal
Location
Hormone
Function

A

Location: Top of kidneys
Hormone: Adrenaline
Function: Fight or Flight response

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11
Q

Pancreas
Location
Hormone
Function

A

Location: Behind stomach- Islets of Langerhans
Hormone: Insulin
Function: Controls blood sugar levels

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12
Q

Ovary
Location
Hormone
Function

A

Location: Female reproductive system
Hormone: Oestrogen and progesterone
Function: Prepare for pregnancy

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13
Q

Testis
Location
Hormone
Function

A

Location: Male reproductive system
Hormone: Testosterone
Function: Sperm production and growth in male

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14
Q

Pituitary Gland
Location
Another name/Referred to as
The two lobes

A

Location: Bottom/Front of brain
Most important part of endocrine system
Called Master gland as many of its hormones trigger other glands to release theirs
2 Lobes: Anterior lobe and posterior lobe

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15
Q

List of hormones the pituitary releases and acts on

Anterior

A

TSH-Stimulates thyroid
FSH-Gonads
Growth hormone- various parts of body
Prolactin-mammary glands (breasts) to produce milk

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16
Q

List of hormones the pituitary releases and acts on

Posterior

A

ADH-Kidneys
Oxytocin-Uterus causing contractions
LH-Gonads

17
Q 
Disorder of Endocrine gland
Name: Underactive thyroid
Causes
Symptoms
Treatment
Prevention
A

Causes: Low levels of thyroxine because of low iodine intake
Symptoms: Reduces rate of metabolism, tiredness, lack of energy, weight gain. Goitre when thyroid swells because of build up of thyroxine (adults) and Creitism (children)
Treatment: Taking thyroxine in tablet form (hormone supplement). Iodine supplement or seafood
Prevention: Adequate diet with seafood and iodine supplement

18
Q 
Disorder of Endocrine gland
Name: Overactive thyroid
Causes
Symptoms
Treatment
Prevention
A

Causes: High levels of thyoxine
Symptoms: Greatly increase metabolic rate, graves disease, weight loss, hunger
Treatment:Removal of part of gland

19
Q 
Disorder of Pancreas gland
Name
Causes
Symptoms
Treatment
Prevention
A

Name: Diabetes
Causes: Cannot produce insulin/can’t use insulin
Symptoms: High glucose level in urine, unexplained thirst, tiredness, loss of weight
Treatment: Insulin injections, increased physical activity (uses glucose), Monitor diet (no excess carbs), Maintain normal healthy weight
Prevention: Adequate physical activity, balanced diet, healthy weight maintained

20
Q

Why is insulin injected to treat diabetes

A

Not in tablet form because cant be broken down

21
Q

Explain negative feedback with thyoxine as an example

A
  1. High level of thyoxine in blood
  2. Pituitary picks this up so no TSH produced
  3. Thyroid not stimulated
  4. No thyroxine produced
  5. Levels of thyroxine drop
  6. Low levels of thyoxine in blood
  7. Pituitary gland picks this up
  8. Produces TSH
  9. Thyroid is stimulated
  10. Thyroxine is produced
22
Q

Examples of hormone supplements

A

Insulin for diabetes
Thyroxine tablet for inactive thyroid
Testosterone for enhanced muscle development
The pill containing estrogen to prevent conception

23
Q

What is the hypothalamus

A

Master gland which stimulates the pituitary

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