Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > 16. Monera > Flashcards

16. Monera Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Shapes of Monera and diseases caused?

A

Spirillum- Cholera

Bacillus- Tb and Tetanus

Cocci- Sore throat and pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Main features of monera (2)

A

Unicellular

Prokaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Draw and label bacteria cell

A 
Flagellum
Plasmid
Capsule 
Wall 
Membrane
Granules
Mesomeme
Pili
Ribosome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q 
Function of: 
Cell wall
Cytoplasm
Ribosome
Granules
Capsule
Flagella
Plasmid
Pili
Mesomeme
A 
Cell wall- shape and structure 
Cytoplasm- holds organelles
Ribosome-makes protein 
Granules-storage
Capsule-protection
Flagella-movement
Plasmid-circular piece of DNA containing genes
Pili-sticks to surfaces
Mesomeme-respiration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bacterial nutrition types

A

Autotrophic
Can make its own food

Heterotrophic
Cannot make its own food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Autotrophic types (2)

A

1.Photosynthetic
Makes own food using light energy.
Eg. Purple sulfur bacteria

2.Chemosynthetic
Use energy from chemical reactions to make food.
Eg. Nitrifying bacteria used in nitrogen cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Heterotrophic types (2)

A
  1. Saprophytic
    Lives off dead organic matter
    Eg. Bacteria in soil
  2. Parasitic
    Live off living organisms
    Eg. Disease causing bacteria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bacteria reproduction

A

Asexual

Binary fission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Binary fission process

A
  1. DNA strand attaches itself to membrane and replicates
  2. The cell elongates and DNA strands separate.
  3. Cell divides in two and separates.
  4. Two identical daughter cells are formed.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens when conditions become unfavourable?

When does it happen?

A

An endospore forms.

After DNA replicates.
Endospore forms around replicated DNA
Parent cell breaks down and dies, endospore dormant.
When conditions favourable endospore absorbs water and breaks walls
Reproduces by Binary fission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Factors affecting growth

A 
Optimum temperature...20-30'C,
Optimum ph...7,
Optimum oxygen concentration,
Absence of competition and toxins
Abundant source of food
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Oxygen concentration (2 types)

A

Aerobic
Need oxygen
Eg. Streptococcus

Anaerobic
Do not need oxygen
Eg. E.Coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q 
Economic importance
(Benefits)
A
  1. Lactobacillus used in dairy products
  2. Antibiotics
  3. Bacteria in colon produce vitamins
  4. G.M.O used in insulin, drugs, flavourings, vitamins. Eg. E.Coli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q 
Economic importance
(Harmful)
A
  1. Cause diseases.
    Eg. Cholera caused by vibrio
    Tb caused by Mycobacterium
  2. Spoil food
  3. Cause tooth decay
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pathogenic

A

Lives off host and causes disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Symbiotic

A

Relationship between two organisms where both benefit.

Eg. Bacteria that produces vitamins b and k in colon

17
Q

Antibiotics

What they are and what they do

A

Substance produced by micro-organisms

They stop the growth of or kill other micro-organisms.

Do not affect viruses!!

18
Q

Antibiotic resistance

A

When bacteria develop antibiotic resistance; antibiotics have no effect on them.
Bacteria strains have developed which are resistant to all known antibiotics.
Known as multi-resistant bacteria
Eg. MSRA

19
Q

Misuse of antibiotics and consequences

A

Results in increased growth of antibiotic resistant bacteria… Cannot control bacterial growth

Misuse:
1. Failure to complete prescription- can survive and regrow

  1. Over use- body becomes immune so no effect on bacteria
20
Q

Growth curve of bacteria

Name 5 stages

A 
Lag
Log
Stationary
Decline
Death/ Survival
21
Q

Lag phase
What happens?
Why?

A

What?
Small increase in bacteria numbers

Why?
Bacteria is adapting to new environment.

22
Q

Log

What and why?

A

What?
Rapid growth in bacteria numbers

Why?
Optimal conditions

23
Q

Stationary phase

What and why?

A

What?
Equal birth and death rate so numbers stay the same.

Why?
Competition and toxins

24
Q

Decline phase

What and why?

A

What?
Rapid death rate

Why?
Lack of nutrients and a toxic environment.
Conditions not optimum

25
Q

Death/ Survival phase

A

Small number survive as endospore said

Rest die due to unfavourable conditions

26
Q

Bacteria and food processing

Name 2 types

A

Batch culture method

Continuous flow method

27
Q

Bioprocessing definition

A

Technique where micro-organisms, living cells or their components are used to produce food.

Eg. Yoghurt, beer, wine, cheese

28
Q

Bioreactor

A

Stainless steel vessel where Bioprocessing takes place

29
Q

Batch culture method
Explain
When bacteria stopped?

A

Micro-organisms and fixed amount of nutrients in bioreactor at the start.

Stopped before decline stage.

Product removed at end.

Bioreactor cleaned and reused.

30
Q

Continuous flow method
Explain
When bacteria stopped?

A

Bacteria in at start.

Nutrients added continuously to bioreactor.

Product removed constantly

Bacteria kept at Log phase

Not used often because it is hard to maintain at log stage… ie at optimum conditions.

31
Q

Asepsis vs. Sterility

A

Asepsis: Steps taken to reduce the amount of disease causing microbes.
Sterility: Absence of all microbes

Biology (43 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions