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Biology > 30. Senses > Flashcards

30. Senses Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 5 senses

A 
Sight
Hearing
Touch
Taste
Smell
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2
Q

Rods vs. Cones
Light it detects
When it works
Location

A 
Rods
Light it detects: Black and white
When it works: Dim light
Location: All over retina (R for rods and retina!!!)
Cones
Light it detects: Coloured light (C for cones and coloured!!!)
When it works: Bright light
Location: Fovea
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3
Q

Size of pupil in bright vs. dim light

A

bright- small pupil as more light available
dark-big pupil as less light available
pupil lets light into the eye so will change in size due to light entering the eye

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4
Q

Why does the pupil appear black

A

Does not absorb light, it passes light in to be absorbed by the retina

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5
Q

Labeling the eye

  1. Outside part of eye
  2. Second layer
  3. Third layer on inside
  4. thin layer at front of eye
  5. thicker part in front of eye
  6. Coloured part
  7. Space inbetween coloured part
  8. Muscle
  9. Connects lens to muscle
  10. Lens
  11. Liquid in front of eye
  12. Liquid at back of eye
  13. Part going to brain
  14. Spot just on top of 13
  15. Spot at back of eye near 13
A
  1. Sclera
  2. Chloroid
  3. Retina
  4. Conjunctiva
  5. Cornea
  6. Iris
  7. Pupil
  8. Ciliary muscle and body
  9. Suspensory ligaments
  10. Lens
  11. Aqueous Humour
  12. Vitreous humour (A before V)
  13. Optic nerve
  14. Blind spot
  15. Fovea
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6
Q

Function of sclera

A

Maintains shape of eyeball (S for shape and sclera)

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7
Q

Function of Chloroid

A

Contains blood vessels which supply eye with nutrients and oxygen

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8
Q

Function of Retina

A

contains rods and cones/ receptor cells

absorbs light

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9
Q

Function of Conjunctiva

A

Thin transparent layer which protects the cornea

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10
Q

Function of Cornea

A

Front transparent part of sclera. Focuses light rays on retina

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11
Q

Function of Iris

A

Controls amount of light entering the eye

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12
Q

Function of Pupil

A

Lets light into the eye

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13
Q

Function of Ciliary muscle/body

A

Controls shape of lens

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14
Q

Function of Suspensory ligament

A

Attach ciliary body to the lens and holds the lens in place

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15
Q

Function of Lens

A

Focuses light rays of retina

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16
Q

Function of Aqueous humour

A

watery liquid supplies lens and cornea with nutrients and keeps shape

17
Q

Function of Vitreous humour

A

Maintains shape of eye-Gel

18
Q

Function of Optic nerve

A

Carries impulses to brain

19
Q

What is the blind spot

A

Contains no receptors so therefore is not sensitive to light. Exit point for optic nerve

20
Q

Function of Fovea

Also called

A

Focuses the image and area of sharpest vision

Also called yellow spot

21
Q

Functions of ear

A

Hearing and balance

22
Q

Label parts of ear

A

Outer: Pinna, Ear canal, Eardrum
Middle: Hammer, Anvil, Stirrup (ossicles), Oval window, Eustachian tube, Air
Inner: Semi circular canals, Auditory nerve, Cochlea, Fluid

23
Q

Function of outer ear parts

A

Pinna: Outer visible ear, funnels sound into the ear canal. Made of cartilage
Ear canal: Carries sound to the ear drum. It has hairs and wax glands to trap dirt and germs.
Ear drum: membrane of skin which vibrates and passes sound into the middle ear

24
Q

Middle Ear functions

A

Ossicles: 3 small bones which amplify sound
Oval window: Stirrup pushes up against this and vibrates causing the fluid in the inner ear to vibrate
Eustachian tube: Keeps air pressure equal on each side of the eardrum , preventing damage to the ear from changes in pressure

25
Q

Inner Ear Functions

A 
Cochlea: Sound vibrations pass through the fluid here and convert sound vibrations to electrical impulses
Auditory nerve (cochlear): Picks up electrical impulses and sends the impulse to the brain allowing us to hear. 
Semi circular canals: Balance and posture
26
Q

How do we hear (process)

A

Pinna passes sound toward the eardrum which then vibrates.
In turn this vibrates the ossicles which amplify the sound.
The stirrup pushes the oval window moving the fluid inside the ear.
Special hairs in the cochlea detect the movement and convert it to electrical impulses and send signals to the brain along the auditory nerve.
The brain then interprets these as sounds which we hear.

27
Q

Ear defect
Causes
Treatment

A

Causes: Overproduction of sticky fluid n the middle ear due to blockage of the eustachian tube. Fluid restricts movement in the ear drum and ossicles therefore effecting hearing
Treatment: Unblock the eustachian tube with drops. Grommets (inserted by surgery) allowing air into the middle ear forcing the fluid down the eustachian tube

28
Q

Label parts of skin

  1. Top layer
  2. Second layer
  3. Bottom layer
  4. frog prints
  5. frog thumb
  6. muscle on hair
  7. Hair
  8. Gland on hair
  9. Curly worly (a. opening, b. middle, c. extra curly)
  10. Blood vessels
A
  1. Epidermis
  2. Dermis layer
  3. Adipose tissue
  4. Touch receptors
  5. Temperature sensors
  6. Erector muscle
  7. Hair follicle
  8. Sebaceous gland
  9. Sweat (a)pore, (b) duct, (c) gland.
  10. Capillaries
29
Q

Epidermis layer parts and function

A

Top: Cornified layer,
Middle: Granular layer
Bottom: Malpignan layer
Function: Acts as barrier to prevent entry of pathogens

30
Q

Function of Adipose tissue

A

Contains fat cells which provides insulation and protection

31
Q
  1. Malpignan function
  2. Granular layer function
  3. Cornified layer
  4. Overall functions of Epidermis
A
  1. Contains melanin-gives skin colour, protects against UV rays, gives freckles when concentrated.
    Divides to form new epidermis cells. Dead cells move to granular layer
  2. Adds keratin to the dead cells to harden them, now known as cornified cells and move to cornified layer
  3. Cornified cells flake off. They become dead as no blood vessels
  4. Makes Vitamin D
32
Q

Dermis layer function

A

Protection- has receptors to detect temperature and touch.
Excretion-sweat glands
Strength-collagen

33
Q

Sebaceous gland
produces
importance

A

Produces: Oil called sebum
Importance: Keeps skin moist and stops it drying out

34
Q

Temperature regulation in skin: If hot

A
  1. Sweat is produced
  2. Skin turns red as blood vessels dilate and bring blood to surface. This brings blood away from the bodys core (vasodilation)
  3. Hair follicles lie down- dont trap air so dont keep in heat
35
Q

Temperature regulation in skin: If cold

A
  1. Shivering occurs-produce energy and therefore heat
  2. Hair stands up trapping air and heat. Due to erector muscle contracting (Piloerection)
  3. Skin doesnt go red-blood vessels constrict to prevent blood flow to surface so keeps heat near the bodys core. (Vasorestriction)
36
Q

What does

  1. Vasorestricion
  2. Vasodilation
  3. Piloerection mean
A
  1. Blood vessels restricting to keep in heat
  2. Blood vessels dilating to bring heat to surface
  3. When the erector muscle contracts to make hair stand up
37
Q

Overall skin function

A
  1. Prevent pathogen entry:epidermis
  2. Protection: Dermis, Adipose layer
  3. Insulation: Adipose
  4. Temperature regulation: Blood vessels, hair follicle
  5. Acts as a sense organ
38
Q

Parts of tongue

A

Front=Sweet
Middle=Salt
Middle=Sour
Back=Bitter

Biology (43 decks)

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