31 Flashcards

1
Q

封闭经济

A

不与世界上其他经济相互交易的经济

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2
Q

开放经济

A

与世界上其他经济自由交易的经济

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3
Q

净出口

A

出口值-进口值

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4
Q

贸易盈余?

A

净出口>0

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5
Q

贸易赤字

A

净出口<0

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6
Q

贸易平衡

A

净出口=0

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7
Q

影响净出口的变量

A

消费者对国内与国外物品的嗜好
国内与国外的物品的价格
国内与国外消费者的收入
人们可以用国内通货购买国外通货的汇率
从一国向另一国运送物品的成本
政府对国际贸易的政策

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8
Q

资本流入?

A

外国人购买国内资产

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9
Q

资本流出?

A

本国居民购买外国资产
-外国直接投资
-国外有价证券投资

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10
Q

资本净流出还又叫?

A

国外净投资

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11
Q

影响资本净流出的变量

A

国外资产得到的真实利率
国内资产得到的真实利率
持有外国资产可以觉察到的经济与政治风险
影响国外对国内资产所有权的政府政策

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12
Q

资本净流出的公式

A

本国居民购买的外国资产 - 外国人购买的本国资产

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13
Q

资本净流出是什么?

A

本国居民购买的外国资产与外国人购买的本国资产之间的差额

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14
Q

商品净出口 VS 资本净流出

A

净资本流出 = 净出口

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15
Q

储蓄,投资及其与国际流动的关系

A

看 p.11

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16
Q

名义汇率?

A

一国通货交换另一国通货的比率

17
Q

真实汇率?

A

一国物品与劳务交换另一国物品与劳务的比率

18
Q

一价定律?

A

一种物品在所有地方都应该按同样的价格出售

19
Q

购买力平价(purchasing- power parity,ppp)?

A

任何一单位通货应该能在所有国家买到等量物品

20
Q

怎么找真实汇率

A

(名义汇率*国内价格)/国外价格

21
Q

真实汇率公式 e?

A

真实汇率 = (e x P)/ P*
P*= 国外一蓝子物品与服务的消费物价指数
e = 名义汇率

22
Q

名义汇率?

A

e = P*/ P

23
Q

当中央银行印发了大量货币时?

A

无论根据它能买到的物品与服务,还是根据它能买到的其他通货,这种货币的价值都下降了

24
Q

购买力平价理论在实践中并不总能成立的原因?

A

许多物品是不容易进行贸易
即使是可贸易物品,也并不总能完全替代