失业与自然失业率 Flashcards

1
Q

失业者包括:

A

属于劳动人口
能够工作
在之前4周内努力找工作
没有找到工作的人

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2
Q

怎么找失业率

A

失业率=(失业者人数/劳动力 )• 100 %

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3
Q

劳动力参工率:

A

劳动力参工率 = 劳动力/成年人口 • 100%

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4
Q

农村是

A

农村是没失业的情况

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5
Q

城镇登记失业人员:

A

有非农业户口
在一定的劳动年龄内(16周岁至退休年龄)
有劳动能力
无业而要求就业
在当地劳动保障部门进行失业登记过

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6
Q

城镇登记失业率

A

分子:城镇登记失业人员
分母: p. 8读

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7
Q

自然失业率

A

经济中正常情况下存在的失业率

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8
Q

周期性失业

A

失业率对自然失业率的背离。

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9
Q

摩擦性失业

A

由于人寻找最适合自己的工作需要时间而引起的失业
对大多数工人而言,失业持续时间较短

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10
Q

结构性失业

A

实际工资高于均衡工资导致劳动过剩时,会产生结构性失业
工作岗位数量小于寻找工作的劳动力数量
通常持续时间较长

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11
Q

失业率可能低估实际水平是因为?

A

丧失信心的工人被排除在外

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12
Q

失业率可能高估实际水平是因为?

A

可能有工作却谎失业(比如:瞒报,谎报)

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13
Q

结构性失业的原因?画图形

A

当工资高于均衡工资时,就会产生结构性失业. (P.15)
有三个原因

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14
Q

结构性失业的三个原因?

A

最低工资法:
初衷:保护低技能劳动者
结果:低技能劳动者失业
工会:当工会把工资提高到均衡水平以上时,劳动需求量减少,引起失业。
效率工资:企业为了提高工人生产率而自愿地支付高于均衡水平的工资。

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