赋税的代价 Flashcards

1
Q

税收收入:

A

¥T • Qt
税收的规模=¥T

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2
Q

税收效应

A

税收能为对公众有利的服务提供资金支持(比如教育,公路,警察),因此我们把它算入总剩余。

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3
Q

税收效应: C+ E p.8看图形

A

C + E被称为税收的无谓损失:市场扭曲(例如税收)引起的总剩余减少。

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4
Q

决定无谓损失大小的因素
政府应该对哪些物品或服务征税以获得它需要的税收收入?

A

无谓损失最小的物品或服务

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5
Q

无谓损失的大小取决于?

A

取决于需求弹性和供给弹性。

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6
Q

无谓损失与供给弹性:缺乏弹性

A

征税减少了卖者得到的价格时,供给缺乏弹性的企业更难以离开市场。因此税收只降低一点交易,无谓损失很小。

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7
Q

无谓损失与供给弹性:富有弹性

A

供给富有弹性的企业更容易离开市场。无谓损失更大。

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8
Q

无谓损失与需求弹性:缺乏弹性

A

征税增加了买者支付的价格,需求缺乏弹性的消费著更难以离开市场,因此税收只降低一点交易量,无谓损生很小。

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9
Q

无谓损失与需求弹性:富有弹性

A

需求富有弹性的消费者更容易离开市场,无谓损失更大。

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10
Q

Trade - off政府的税收

A

一个更大的政府能提供更多服务
更大的政府需要高的税收,而税收会带来无谓损失。
税收带来的无谓损失越大,对小政府的呼声越大

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11
Q

无谓损失与税率:
税收规模增加时?

A

税收规模增加时,无谓损失增加的更快。

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12
Q

税收收入与税率:税收小时

A

税收小时,增税使税收收入增加。

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13
Q

税收收入与税收规模:税收大时

A

税收大时,增税使税收收入减少。

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14
Q

税收收入与税收规模

A

拉弗曲线:揭示了税收规模与税收收入之间的关系。

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