像经济学家一样思考 Flashcards

1
Q

经济学家扮演的两种角色

A

科学家:试图解释世界
政策顾问:尝试改善世界

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2
Q

什么是实证表述positive statements.

A

作为科学家,经济学家试图做出关于世界是什么样子的实证表述(positive statement)

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3
Q

什么是规范表述(normative statements

A

作为政策顾问,经济学家试图做出关于世界应该是什么样子的规范表述
Normative statements

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4
Q

实证表述和规范表述的区别?

A

实证表述能被证实或证伪,但规范表述则不能

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5
Q

经济研究方法

A

观察世界
假设
建立模型
收集数据,检验模型
政策建议

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6
Q

GDP等于什么?

A

劳动,土地,资本,工资,租金和利润

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7
Q

生产可能性边界(ppF)

A

Production possibilities frontier
表示在可得到的生产要素与生产技术既定时,一个经济所能生产的两种产品数量的各种组合的图形。

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8
Q

PpF的斜率

A

Ppf是生产可能性边界的斜率告诉我以一种物品來衡量另一种物品的机会成本

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9
Q

社会面临权衡取舍ppF上

A

得到更多的一种物品需要以更少的另一种物品为代价

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10
Q

生产可能性近界与机会成本有什么关系(加权衡取舍,边际价格marginal cost)

A

斜率= opportunity cost of某种东西的代价/marginal product边际产品

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11
Q

经济增长和生产可能性边界

A

如果有额外的资源或技术进步,经济便能生产更多的脑,小麦或两种物品的组合。
经济增长使生产可能性边界向外移动。

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12
Q

生产可能性边界体现了

A

权衡取舍和机会成本
效察与无效率
生业和经济增长

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13
Q

生产两种产品机会成本不同时,生产可能性边界?

A

可能是曲线
曲状的生产可能性迈界意味着机会成本会发生变化。

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14
Q

绝对优势

A

一个生产者用比另一个生产者更少的投入生产某种物品的能力

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15
Q

比较优势

A

一个生产者以低于另一个生产者的机会成本生产某种物品的能力。

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