货币制度 Flashcards

1
Q

货币的三种职能

A

交换媒介:买者在购买物品与劳务时给予卖者的东西。
计价单位:人们用来表示价格和记录债务的标准。
价值储藏手段:人们可以用来把现在的购买力转变为未来的购买力的东西。

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2
Q

两种类型的货币

A

商品货币:(金币等)
法定货币(信用货币):元;美元

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3
Q

数字货币

A

比特币
莱特币

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4
Q

货币供给

A

货币供给(或货币存量):经济中流通的货币量

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5
Q

国际货币基金组织的货币划分

A

M0 = 流通于银行体系外的现金通货
M1 = M0 + 商业银行活期存款 + 邮政汇划资金 + 国库接受的私人活期存款
M2 = M1+ 储蓄存款 + 定期存款 + 政府短期债券

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6
Q

M1 money:

A

The narrowest definition of money which includes cash, traveler’s checks,and checkable bank deposits

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7
Q

美联储的结构

A

理事会
12个地区联邦储备银行
联邦公开市场委员会 (FOMC)

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8
Q

联邦储备体系有几个联邦

A

联邦储备理事会(华盛顿特区):有7名理事p.21
地区联邦储备银行(12个)p.23
联邦公开市场委员会 (FOMC)

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9
Q

公开市场操作 (open-market operations)

A

增加货币供给:美联储从公众手中买进政府债券
减少货币供给:美联储向公众出售政府债券。

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10
Q

银行创造货币供给

A

银行可以影响经济中的活期储蓄额和货币供给。

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11
Q

银行准备金

A

准备金:银行通常将部分存款留在作准备金,以应付储户取款,而把其他存款用来贷款。

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12
Q

法定准备金:

A

中央银行规定的,商业银行必须持有的准多金量的最低水平

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13
Q

超额准备金:

A

银行自愿持有的高于法定最低量的准备金。

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14
Q

准备金率?

A

R=银行作为准备金持有的存款比例
=准备金占所有存款的比例

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15
Q

货币乘数是什么?公式

A

货币乘数:银行体系用1元准备金所产生的货币量。
货币乘数等于 1/R

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16
Q

怎么找杠杆率?

A

杠杆率=总资产/总资本

17
Q

美联储控制货币的三种工具

A

公开市场操作:美联储买卖美国政府债券
法定准备金:影响银行通过放贷创造的货币量
贴现率:美联储向银行发放贷款的利率。

18
Q

联邦基金利率是什么

A

银行向另家银行进行隔夜贷款时的利率
中国叫隔夜拆借利率。