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PSYC 102 > 3-personality > Flashcards

3-personality Flashcards

1
Q

Personality

A

Is individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

opposite to social, since it’s stable

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2
Q

Psychodynamic theories

A
  • Conscious and unconscious
  • so much of the human mind is not readily available to us
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3
Q

Humanistic approach

A
  • Growth and self-fulfillment
  • how can psychology benefit people
  • become the best self!!
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4
Q

Trait theories

A
  • Patterns of behavior
  • predictive of behaviour in the world
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5
Q

Social-cognitive theories

A

Traits and social context

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6
Q

Free association

A
  • let patient speak about whatever comes to mind
  • psychic guard relax… unconscious world revealed
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7
Q

pleasure principle

A

unconscious makes us seek out pleasure
ID

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8
Q

reality principle

A

conscious mind balance between what we want and what is not socially acceptable

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9
Q

Oral psychosexual stage

A

(0–18 months)
Pleasure centers on the mouth— sucking, biting, chewing

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10
Q

Anal psychosexual stage

A

18–36 months
Pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination; coping with demands for control

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11
Q

Phallic psychosexual stage

A

(3–6 years)
Pleasure zone is the genitals; coping with incestuous sexual feelings

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12
Q

Latency psychosexual stage

A

(6 to puberty)
A phase of dormant sexual feelings

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13
Q

Genital psychosexual stage

A

(puberty on)
Maturation of sexual interests

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14
Q

why defense mechanisms

A
  • Anxiety: emerges when id and superego clash
  • Ego protects itself, works to reduce anxiety via Defense mechanisms, mostly using… Repression
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15
Q

Neo-Freudians

A

More emphasis on conscious mind and on social motives
- many aspects of what freud said was true!!

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16
Q

Contemporary psychodynamic theorists

A
  • Reject Freud’s emphasis on sex
  • Mental life: primarily unconscious
  • Childhood social experiences influence adult personality
  • Universal predispositions (archetypes) -> humans tend to fall into specific roles in different enviornments
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17
Q

Alfred Adler

A

The individual feels at home in life and feels his existence to be worthwhile just so far as he is useful to others and is overcoming feelings of inferiority” (Problems of Neurosis, 1964).

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18
Q

Karen Horney “

A

“The view that women are infantile and emotional creatures, and as such, incapable of responsibility and independence is the work of the masculine tendency to lower women’s self- respect”

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19
Q

Carl Jung

A

From the living fountain of instinct flows everything that is creative; hence the unconscious is the very source of the creative impulse”

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20
Q

ways of Assessing Unconscious Processes

A
  • Projective test
  • Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
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21
Q

ways of assessing unconscious processes

A
  • Projective test
  • Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
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22
Q

projective tedsst

A

show ambiguous image and ask to identify what they see

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23
Q

thematic apperception test (TAT)

A

show image and ask them to tell story about image

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24
Q

Modern research contradicts many of Freud’s ideas Problems with:

A
  • Developmental trajectory
  • Parental influence (over-estimated), peer influence (under-estimated)
  • Oedipus complex (!)
  • Gender identity
  • Dream analysis
  • Methodology (often was him talking about someone rather than vice versa)
  • Predictive validity (ad hoc explanations)
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25
Q

good things that freud did

A
  • The vast unconscious (psychologists at that time were working a flawed premise)
  • Biological/social conflicts
  • Sexuality (normal part of human psychology)
  • Defense mechanisms, terror-management
  • Mental illness
  • Popularizing talk therapy
26
Q

Modern Research Challenges the Idea of Repression

A
  • Research does not support many of Freud’s specific ideas such as Repression
  • Unconscious as unacceptable thoughts
  • These are often unfalsifiable
27
Q

Unconsciousness involves

A

Schemas, priming, implicit memories, emotions, and stereotypes

28
Q

which two defense mechanisms does research support

A
  • reaction formation
  • projection
29
Q

Humanistic Theories

A
  • Abraham Maslow’s Self- Actualizing Person
  • Carl Rogers’ Person-Centered Perspective
  • were made in response to the atrocities of that time
  • not researchers… but more are philosophers
30
Q

Abraham Maslow’s Self- Actualizing Person

A
  • Healthy personal growth, striving for self-realization
31
Q

Carl Rogers’ Person-Centered Perspective

A
  • Genuineness, acceptance, and empathy
  • Unconditional positive regard and self-concept
  • working as a teammate!
32
Q

Influences of humanistic theories

A
  • Influenced counselling, education,
    child-raising, and management
  • Renewed interest in concept of self
33
Q

Criticisms of humanistic theories

A
  • Presents vague and subjective
    concepts
  • Advances individualism and self- centered values
34
Q

Trait theorists

A
  • Personality: a stable pattern
  • Descriptive rather than prescriptive or mechanistic
  • Use factor analysis
    -Suggest biological/genetic predispositions
35
Q

Factor analysis and a type

A
  • Statistical procedure
  • look at answers and look for clusters that tend to correlate very strongly
  • Eysenck Personality Questionnaire
36
Q

The Big Five Factors

A
  • Currently offer the most widely accepted picture of personality
  • OCEAN!
  • pretty good predictive validity!
37
Q

OCEAN

A

Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism (emotional stability vs instability)

38
Q

How stable are the big 5 traits?

A

pretty

39
Q

are the big 5 traits heritable?

A

yes

40
Q

do the big 5 traits reflect differing brains tructure

A

probably

41
Q

do the big 5 traits change over time?

A

yes

42
Q

how well do the big 5 traits apply to various cultures

A

somewhat

43
Q

do the big 5 traits predict our actual behaviours?

A

Moment-to- moment, not so much; on average, modestly well)

44
Q

The Person-Situation Controversy

A
  • Behaviour is influenced by the interaction of our inner disposition with our environment
  • controversy concerning whether the person or the situation is more influential in determining a person’s behavior
45
Q

issues with the personality inventory?

A
  • very ego-centric so people think very highly of themselves and so during these tests they may not answer completely honestly.
  • not certain on whether the test is capturing the full trait of a person or just the state that they are in.
46
Q

defensive self-esteem

A
  • more fragile
  • more focused on what others think
47
Q

Social-cognitive theorists

A
  • Build on concepts of learning and cognition
  • Contend best way to predict behavior in a given situation is to observe that behavior in similar situations
  • Underemphasize importance of unconscious motives, emotions, and biologically influenced traits
48
Q

Self-esteem

A

our feeling of self-worth

49
Q

Self-efficacy

A

our sense of competence on a task

50
Q

Costs of Self-Esteem

A
  • excessive optimism
  • blindness to one’s own incompetence
  • self-serving bias
  • better-than-average effect
51
Q

excessive optimism

A
  • higher levels of complacency
  • putting yourself at risk unnecessarily
52
Q

two types of self-esteem

A
  • Defensive self-esteem
  • Secure self-esteem
53
Q

where does personality develop from, according to freud

A

biological aggressive and pleasure-seeking drives versus our internal (socialized) control over these drives.

54
Q

id

A

contains our most primitive drives or urges, and is present from birth.
- hunger, thirst, and sex.
- “pleasure principle,” – id seeks immediate gratification.

55
Q

superego

A
  • develops as a child interacts with others, learning the social rules for right and wrong.
  • The superego acts as our conscience
  • is our moral compass that tells us how we should behave.
  • It strives for perfection and judges our behavior, leading to feelings of pride or—when we fall short of the ideal—feelings of guilt.
56
Q

ego

A
  • rational part of our personality.
  • It’s what Freud considered to be the self
  • part of our personality that is seen by others
  • Its job is to balance the demands of the id and superego in the context of reality
  • operates on “reality principle.”– The ego helps the id satisfy its desires in a realistic way.
57
Q

where did freud assume negative emotional states stem from

A

suppression of unconscious sexual and aggressive urges.

58
Q

Oedipus complex

A

involving a boy’s desire for his mother and his urge to replace his father who is seen as a rival for the mother’s attention.

59
Q

Reciprocal Determinism

A

cognitive processes, behavior, and context all interact, each factor influencing and being influenced by the others simultaneously…three factors that influence behavior
- Cognitive processes refer to all characteristics previously learned, including beliefs, expectations, and personality characteristics.
- Behavior refers to anything that we do that may be rewarded or punished.
- context in which the behavior occurs refers to the environment or situation, which includes rewarding/punishing stimuli.

60
Q

secure self-esteem

A
  • less fragile
  • less contingent on what other people think
  • higher quality of life

PSYC 102 (14 decks)

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