3-disorder Flashcards
psychological disorders
Are marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior
- Biological bases, yes, but also
- Socially defined
- Evolving
- Boundaries somewhat arbitrary
- A constellation of symptoms – Polytreatment as the norm
things Previously considered mental disorders
- Masturbation
- Drapetomania (causes slaves to want to escape their enslaver)
- Homosexuality
iimplication is that there’s a SOCIAL role in determining boundaries of normality
Are equivalent disorders found around the world?
To some extent, yes: schizophrenia, bipolar, depress are universal
But there are cultural disparities
* Also “culturally-bound disorders”
* e.g. koro, windigo, anorexia
Are People With Psychological Disorders Dangerous?
- Mental disorders rarely lead to violence and clinical prediction of violence is unreliable
- Those with mental disorders are disproportionately more often the victims of crime than those non-mentally ill
The medical model
Mental illness diagnosed on basis of symptoms and treated through therapy
The biopsychosocial approach
- Posits that biological, psychological, and social- cultural factors all play a significant role in human functioning in the context of disease or illness
DSM-I (1952) and II (1968)
psychodynamic- heavy
- extensions on freud’s ideas of unconscious desires
DSM-III (1980)
Spitzer’s vision, exhaustive
- beginning of pathologizing everyday normal behaviours
DSM-IV (1994)
- conflicts of interest
- 1/2 of people had issues with pharmaceudical companies… recommending lines of treatment
DSM-V (2013)
- NDAs, rewrites, a “living
document” - didn’t solve conflicts of interest, just hid them
purposes of DSM-5
- To predict disorder’s future course.
- To guide treatment choices.
- To allow clinicians to communicate.
- To please insurance companies who require a concrete diagnosis.
- To permit research (via categorization).
§ DSM-5 Criticism
- Antisocial personality disorder and generalized anxiety disorder did poorly on field trials
- DSM-5 contributes to “pathologizing of everyday life”
- System labels are society’s value judgments
DSM-5 Benefits
- System helps mental health professionals communicate and is useful in research
- Is a “living document”
Rates of Psychological Disorders
- Rates vary depending on the time and place of the survey
- Poverty is both a risk factor and an effect… socioeconomic status!
Anxiety disorders
persistent anxiety and maladaptive behaviours
