1- Thinking and Intelligence Flashcards

Question

effort heuristic

Answer 1

not judging on the item itself, but the time and effort

Answer 2

we like familiar stuff

Answer 3

the more gracefully we can do something, the more we'll like it less effort we need the more we'll like it

Answer 4

we have an idea of how the world is prototype! concepts! the closer they are to this idea, the better

Answer 5

if there aren't very many of them, they are more valuable

Answer 6

the AHA moment!! occurs from a bunch of different brain moments/movements, so there is no singular "aha" part of the brain

Answer 7

fixation belief perseverance framing sunk cost-fallacy ....then ones from the other unit: confirmation bias dunning-kruger effect illusory correlation correlation =/= causation hindsight

Answer 8

mental set! -- previously successful procedure that you employ over and over stuck in patterns of seeing the world and solving problems think of the matchbook and candle!

Answer 9

strategy for problem solving! analysis "frozen into habit" (so happens effortlessly) kinda like insight often adaptive often critical/necessary but also carries many of the same bad issues as insight

Answer 10

maintaining belief even though you know you're wrong

Answer 11

the way information is organized and presented affects the decision making

Answer 12

more likely to choose something because of what you're already previously invested weight things according to how much we've invested

Answer 13

the idea that rationality is limited when individuals make decisions, and under these limitations, rational individuals will select a decision that is satisfactory rather than optimal

Answer 14

declides with incrasing: - delay - risk -efffort

Answer 15

taversky and kahneman assumes that losses and gains are valued differently, and thus individuals make decisions based on perceived gains instead of perceived losses value gains and losses differently, placing more weight on perceived gains versus perceived losses. Loss aversion Risk aversion the certainty effect

Answer 16

prospect theory!! risk seeking to avoid losses we will chase back the loss, even if it's really risky

Answer 17

prospect theory!! risk avoiding to keep gains we're more likely to put money at small gains feel the gain of $100 less than the loss of $100

Answer 18

prospect theory!! if something is certain... then it becomes more valuable, even if the expectation value is lower

Answer 19

theory of maximizing vs satisficing two strategies for making choices that endures across lifespan

Answer 20

select first option that meets criteria, end search tend to be happier with choices

Answer 21

consider and compare all options tends to make better large decisions but experience more decision regret!!

Answer 22

the ability to produce new and valuable ideas but... valuable to whom? who decides?

Answer 23

creative thinking new novel and interesting solutions

Answer 24

academic large problem -> correct solution narrowing a problem to find one of the best solutions

Answer 25

1. expertise 2. imaginative thinking skills 3. venturesome personality (growth mindset) 4. intrinsic motivation (internal drive!!) 5. creative environement I EVICt

Answer 26

very hard to falsify! not based on data based on Sternberg's observations

Answer 27

they can conceptualize! subcategories! but can't do complex syntax and stuff

Answer 28

but in terms of law of effect... it was believed that animals learned in a slow way - no consciousness, no rich intellectual capacity - believed that behaviour was slowly being shaped they do display insight! through using tools and stuff they display a wide range of comprehension and communication, but not LANGUAGE exactly... syntax is a bitch

Answer 29

sign of intelligence = sense of self? put a mirror in front of monke, monkey has spot on head if they investigate the mark, they know that that it's them in the mirror!!

Answer 30

the way we structure language shapes AND constrains our thinking

Answer 31

thinking, including the processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgment, language, and memory

Answer 32

field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think

Answer 33

type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for

Answer 34

believed intelligence consisted of one general factor called g ○ Could be measured and compared among individuals ○ Focused on commonalities among various intellectual abilities De-emphasized what made each unique

Answer 35

divided general intelligence into two components: 1. crystalized intelligence 2. fluid intelligence

Answer 36

how well you relate to the values of that culture

Answer 37

developed the first broad set of intelligence tests

Answer 38

manner of administration, scoring, and interpretation of results is consistent

Answer 39

giving a test to a large popualtion so data can be collected comparing groups, such as age groups

Answer 40

theory that each person responds to the environment in a unique way based on their genetic makeup ○ Genetic potential is a fixed quantity ○ Whether you reach your full intellectual potential is dependent upon the environmental stimulation you experience, especially in childhood

Answer 41

IQ is determined by genetics!! ○ Intelligence is made up of two levels of abilities: § Level I □ Rote memorization □ Consistent among the human race § level II □ Conceptual and analytical abilities □ Differences among ethnic groups Robert Williams was among those who called out racial bias in jensen's results

Answer 42

Results in a struggle to write legibly, extreme difficulty putting their thoughts down on paper

Answer 43

inability to correctly process letters ○ Most common learning disability in children Sound processing does not work properly

Answer 44

difficulty in learning/comprehending arthimetic