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PSYC 102 > 3-emotion textbook > Flashcards

3-emotion textbook Flashcards

1
Q

mood

A
  • prolonged, less intense, affective state that does not occur in response to something we experienced
  • May not be consciously recognized and do not carry the intentionality that is associated with emotion
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2
Q

Cognitive appraisal

A

person tries to determine the way they will be impacted in a situation

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3
Q

Facial feedback hypothesis

A

Facial expression affects emotional experience

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4
Q

Appraisal theory

A

You have thoughts (cognitive appraisal) before you experience an emotion, and the emotion you experience depends on the thoughts you had
- If you think something is positive, you will have more positive emotions about it than if you appraisal was negative
○ Vice versa too
- Explains how 2 people can have two completely different emotions regarding the same event!!

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5
Q

Cognitive-mediational theory

A

Emotions are determined by our appraisal of the stimulus
- Appraisal mediates between stimulus and the emotional response
- Immediate and often unconscious
- Appraisal precedes a cognitive label

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6
Q

Automatic emotion regulation (AER) -

A

non delibrate control of emotions
- People develop an automatic process that works like a script or schema
- Process does not require delibrate thought to regulate emotions

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7
Q

Thalamus

A

sensory relay center whose neurons project to amygdala and higher cortical regions for further processing

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8
Q

Amygdala

A

role in processing emotional information and sending that info on:
- Basolateral complex
- Central nucleus

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9
Q

Basolateral complex

A

dense connections with a variety of sensory areas of the brain

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10
Q

Central nucleus

A

plays role in attention, has connections with the hypothalamus and various brainstem areas to regulate the autonomic nervous system and endocrine systems’ activity

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11
Q

Hippocampus

A
  • integrates emotional experience with cognition
  • Hippocampal structure and function are linked to a variety of mood and anxiety disorders
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12
Q

Cultural display rule

A

one of a collection of culturally specific standards that govern the types and frequencies of displays of emotions that are acceptable

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13
Q

Stimulus-bassed definitons of stress and why its problematic

A

characterize stress as a STIMULUS that causes certain reactions
Problematic – because they fail to recognize that people differ in how they view and react to challenging life events and situations.

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14
Q

response-based definitions

A

describe stress as a response to environmental conditions.
- “response of the body to any demand, whether it is caused by, or results in, pleasant or unpleasant conditions”

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15
Q

Types of appraisals

A
  • primary appraisal
  • secondary appraisal
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16
Q

primary appraisal

A

involves judgment about the degree of potential harm or threat to well-being that a stressor might entail.

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17
Q

secondary appraisal

A

judgment of the options available to cope with a stressor, as well as perceptions of how effective such options will be
- threat tends to be viewed as less catastrophic if one believes something can be done about it

18
Q

eustress

A

is a good kind of stress associated with positive feelings, optimal health, and performance.

19
Q
  • Health psychology
A

subfield of psychology devoted to understanding the importance of psychological influences on health, illness, and how people respond when they become ill

20
Q
  • Walter Cannon
A
  • the first to identify the body’s physiological reactions to stress.
  • Proposed the fight-or-flight response
21
Q
  • fight-or-flight response
A
  • occurs when a person experiences very strong emotions—especially those associated with a perceived threat
  • During the fight-or-flight response, the body is rapidly aroused by activation of both the sympathetic nervous system and the endocrine system
  • This arousal helps prepare the person to either fight or flee from a perceived threat
  • built-in mechanism that assists in maintaining homeostasis
  • Adaptive bc it enables people to adjust internally and externally to threats in their environment
22
Q

general adaptation syndrome,

A

the body’s nonspecific physiological response to stress.
three stages:
1. alarm reaction
2. stage of resistance
3. stage of exhaustion

23
Q

(1) alarm reaction of general adaption syndrome

A

body’s immediate reaction upon facing a threatening situation or emergency
fight-or-flight response

24
Q

□ (2) stage of resistance of general adaptation syndrome

A
  • initial shock of alarm reaction has worn off and the body has adapted to the stressor.
  • body also remains on alert and is prepared to respond as it did during the alarm reaction, although with less intensity.
25
Q

□ (3) stage of exhaustion

A
  • person is no longer able to adapt to the stressor
  • the body’s ability to resist becomes depleted as physical wear takes its toll on the body’s tissues and organs.
  • illness, disease, and other permanent damage to the body—even death—may occur.
26
Q

§ response-based conceptualization of stress

A
  • focusing exclusively on the body’s physical responses
  • ignoring psychological factors such as appraisal and interpretation of threats.
27
Q

biological process for stress

A
  • sympathetic nervous system triggers arousal via the release of adrenaline from the adrenal glands.
  • activates the fight-or-flight responses to stress
  • At the same time, the HPA axis becomes especially active
  • In response to stress, the hypothalamus releases corticotropin-releasing factor, a hormone that causes the pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
  • ACTH then activates the adrenal glands to secrete a number of hormones into the bloodstream
28
Q

○ Cortisol

A
  • a stress hormone and helps provide that boost of energy when we first encounter a stressor, preparing us to run away or fight.
  • sustained elevated levels of cortisol weaken the immune system.
29
Q

effects of short bursts of stress

A
  • providing extra energy,
  • improving immune system functioning temporarily
  • decreasing pain sensitivity.
30
Q

Coping

A

mental and behavioral efforts that we use to deal with problems relating to stress.

31
Q

types of coping

A

problem-focused coping
emotion-focused coping

32
Q

○ problem-focused coping

A
  • manage or alter the problem that is causing one to experience stress
  • dentifying the problem, considering possible solutions, weighing the costs and benefits of these solutions, and then selecting an alternative
  • actively try to do things to address the problem.
33
Q

○ emotion-focused coping

A

efforts to change or reduce the negative emotions associated with stress.
- avoiding, minimizing, or distancing oneself from the problem
- positive comparisons with others
- seeking something positive in a negative event
involve reappraisal
- stressor is construed differently (and somewhat self-deceptively) without changing its objective level of threat

34
Q

when are we more likely to use emotion-focused coping

A

when faced with stressors that we believe we are powerless to change

35
Q

when are we more likely to use problem-focused coping

A
  • more likely to occur when encountering stressors we perceive as controllable,
36
Q

Perceived control

A

is our beliefs about our personal capacity to exert influence over and shape outcomes, and it has major implications for our health and happiness

37
Q

what is percieved control associated with

A
  • associated with a variety of favorable outcomes
  • better physical and mental health
  • greater psychological well-being
  • Greater personal control is also associated with lower reactivity to stressors in daily life.
  • view their health as controllable
  • more likely that they will better manage their health and engage in behaviors conducive to good health
38
Q

Social support

A
  • soothing impact of friends, family, and acquaintances
  • advice, guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and tangible assistance
  • one of the reasons social support is connected to favorable health outcomes is because it has several beneficial physiological effects in stressful situations.
39
Q

Stress-combating techniques

A
  • relaxation response technique
  • Biofeedback
40
Q
  • relaxation response technique
A

combines relaxation with transcendental meditation, and consists of four components
1) sitting upright on a comfortable chair with feet on the ground and body in a relaxed position,
2) being in a quiet environment with eyes closed,
3) repeating a word or a phrase—a mantra—to oneself, such as “alert mind, calm body,”
4) passively allowing the mind to focus on pleasant thoughts, such as nature or the warmth of your blood nourishing your body.

41
Q

Biofeedback

A
  • technique that uses electronic equipment to accurately measure a person’s neuromuscular and autonomic activity
  • enable the individual to develop strategies that help gain some level of voluntary control over what are normally involuntary bodily processes

PSYC 102 (14 decks)

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