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I/O Psychology > 3. Organizational Concepts > Flashcards

3. Organizational Concepts Flashcards

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1
Q

Structuring events or happenings, has no formal structure, apart from functioning

A

Social System (The informal component of an organization)

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2
Q

Roles

A
  1. Expectations of Others
  2. Appropriate behavior in a specific position
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3
Q

Are roles and jobs the same

A

No. Some jobs have a lot of roles

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4
Q

When an individual is faced with incompatible or competing demands

A

Role Conflict

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5
Q

Uncertainty about the behaviors to be exhibited in a role

A

Role Ambiguity

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6
Q

When an individual feels overwhelmed by having too many responsibilities

A

Role overload

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7
Q

The extent to which different roles are performed by employees in the same subgroup

A

Role Differentiation

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8
Q

Shared group expectations about appropriate behavior

A

Norm

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9
Q

Descriptive vs Injunctive Norms

A

D: Developed via observation
I: Developed through a process of conforming to gain social approval

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10
Q

Organizational Climate

A
  1. Shared meaning organizational members attach to events, policies, practices, and procedures they experience
  2. How things are done in an organization
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11
Q

Organizational Culture

A

Languages, values, attitudes, beliefs and customs of an organization

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12
Q

Three Layers of Culture

A

Observable Artifacts - Symbols, language, narrative and practices
Espoused Values - Endorsed by management
Assumptions - Unobservable

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13
Q

Person-Organization Fit

A
  1. Process of gauging
  2. the degree of fit
  3. between the two parties is mutual
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14
Q

The decision to cut jobs

A

Downsize

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15
Q

Horizontal vs Vertical Cut

A
  1. Loss of jobs within a department
  2. Elimination of all jobs in a department
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16
Q

Outsource vs Offshore

A
  1. Use of external employees to perform internal fucntions
  2. Worked performed domestically is exported to cheaper labor markets
17
Q

Merger vs Acquisition

A
  1. Marriage of two organization of equal status and power
  2. Procurement of property by another organization
18
Q

Acquisition: Parent vs target

A
  1. Absorves
  2. The Absorved
19
Q

Phases of Acquisition

A

Pre-combination
Combination
Postcombination

20
Q

Organization Structure

A

Arrangement of positions in an organization and the authority and responsibility relationships among them

21
Q

Elements of Organizational Structure

CS CFM

A
  1. Chain of Command
  2. Span of Control
  3. Centralization
  4. Formalization
  5. Mechanistic vs Organic Structure
22
Q

Coordinating Mechanisms of an Org.

FIS

A

Informal Communication
Formal Hierarchy
Standardization

23
Q

Workers have defined jobs, not narrowly specialized positions, elaborate among workers and share skills

A

Team Organization

24
Q

Temporary, nontraditional organization of members from different departments within a traditional structure sho are assembled to complete a specific job

A

Project Task Force

25
Q

Managers have a smaller span of control, longer chain of command, provide a clear, distinct layers with obvious lines of responsibility and a clear promotion structure

A

Tall

26
Q

The span of control is larger, with few management levels, focused on empowering employees rather than adhering to change of command by encouraging autonomy and self-direction

A

Flat

27
Q

Functional vs Divisional

A
  1. Divides the organization into departments based on function
  2. Divides the organization nased on type of products or clients
28
Q

Centralization vs Decentralization

A
  1. Degree to which decision-making authority is concentrated at the top of the organizational hierarchy
  2. Process of taking the decision-making power out of the hands of the top level and distributing it to the lower levels
29
Q

Formalization

A

The degree to which organizations standardize behavior through rules, procedures, formal training and related mechanisms

30
Q

Mechanistic vs Organic

A
  1. Narrow Span of Control and High Centralization
  2. Wide Span of Control, Decentralization and Little Formalisation
31
Q

Specifies how employees and their activities are grouped together

A

Departmentalization

32
Q

Types of Departmentalization

A

Simple - few people, minimal hierarchy
Functional - organize employees around specific knowledge or other resources
Divisional - group employees around outputs or clients or geographic areas
Team-Based - Build around self-directed teams that complete an entire piece of work
Matrix - Overlay two structures to leverage the benefits of both
Network - Design and build a product to serve a client through an alliance of several organiations

I/O Psychology (19 decks)

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