3. IBS Flashcards

1
Q

Ce este sindromul intestinului iritabil?

A

O problema gastrointenstinala cronica si recidivanta
Caracteristici:
- dureri abdominale
- balonare
- constipatie/diaree
- schimbari ale tranzitului intestinal

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2
Q

Care sunt criteriile de diagnostic conform Roma IV (2016)?

A

Dureri abdominale recurente cel putin o zi pe saptamana in ultimele 3 luni, asociate cu cel putin doua dintre urmatoarele:
1. Dureri asociate cu defecarea
2. Schimbari in frecventa scaunului
3. Schimbari in forma (consistenta) scaunului
*Simptome prezente de cel putin 6 luni

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3
Q

Care e clasificarea IBS?

A

a. cu predominanta diaree (IBS-D)
b. cu predominanta constipatie (IBS-C)
c. alternanta constipatie/diaree (IBS-M)
d. nedefinit (IBS-U)
40%- IBS usor
35%- IBS moderat
25% - IBS sever

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4
Q

Care sunt factorii etiologici ai IBS (prin modelul bio-psiho-social)?

A
  1. Modificari la nivel biologic
    a. dereglari la nivelul intestinului
    b. modificari la nivelul axei creier-intestin
  2. Factori psihosociali
    Neuroticism
    Alexitimie
    Somatizare
    Anxietate fata de boala Strategii de coping
    Suport social
    Istoric de abuz
    Stres
    Rolul factorilor psihologici in dezvoltarea si progresul IBS este complex si controversat
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5
Q

Cu ce tulburari psihologice e cel mai des comorbid IBS?

A

BS si Tulburari anxioase: intre 25 si 44%
IBS si Schizofrenie: intre 17 si 19%
IBS si Tulburari afective: 30%
IBS si Ideatie suicidara: 15 si 30%

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6
Q

Care sunt consecintele IBS?

A
  • dureri si discomfort abdominal
  • nivel scazut de energie si oboseala
  • limitari zilnice
  • interpretare eronata a simptomelor GI
  • dificultati in viata de cuplu
  • interactiuni sociale reduse
  • dificultati profesionale
  • perceptie generala negativa asupra sanatatii si bolii

=> calitate scazuta a vietii

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7
Q

Care e prognosticul IBS?

A

Boala cronica
Simptomele se remit la 30% dintre pacienti
La 70% dintre pacienti simptomele necesita un tratament pe termen lung
Simptomele pot fi controlate cu tratament medicamentos si psihologic
Primele imbunatatiri ale simptomelor apar dupa cel putin 6 luni

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8
Q

In ce consta tratamentul pentru IBS?

A
  1. Medicamentos
    - Antispasmostice
    - Antidiareice
    - Laxative
    - Probiotice
    - Antidepresive
  2. Dieta (FODMAP)
    - Difera pentru IBS-C si IBS-D
    - Bogata/scazuta in fibre
    - Cofeina, produse lactate si diferite legume
    - Monitorizarea alimentelor si a cantitatii consumate
  3. Interventii psihologice
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9
Q

Care sunt interventiile psihologice pentru IBS?

A

Interventii psihoeducationale
Terapia interpersonala psihodinamica
Hipnoterapia
Exercitiile de relaxare
Terapia cognitiv-comportamentala

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10
Q

Interventii psihoeducationale pentru IBS

A

Monitorizarea dietei, a stresului si a simptomatologiei zilnice
Educarea privind implicatiile biopsihosociale
Strategii de management al stresului
Strategii de coping

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11
Q

Terapia interpersonala psihodinamica pentru IBS

A

Explorarea conflictelor interpersonale si influenta lor asupra durerii, distresului emotional si asupra simptomatologiei GI

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12
Q

Hipnoterapia pentru IBS

A

Reduce sensibilitatea viscerala
Reduce durerea, balonarea si simptomele GI
Imbunatateste starea de bine
Efecte mentinute pe termen lung

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13
Q

Exercitiile de relaxare

A

Trainingul autogen, relaxarea progresiva a muschilor
Imagerie dirijata

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14
Q

Terapia cognitiv-comportamentala

A

Psihoeducatie si educatie despre IBS
Identificarea credintelor irationale
Evaluarea anxietatii, hipervigilentei si a comportamentelor de evitare
Corectarea procesarilor informationale eronate
Restructurari si rezolvare de probleme
Strategii de coping
Expuneri si experimente comportamentale

Individuala De grup
Online

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15
Q

Care e mecanismul prin care CBT are efect asupra IBS?

A
  1. CBT => improves IBS symptoms => reduces somatization, catastrophizing and improves mood
  2. CBT => improves mood (anxiety and depression) => improves GI symptoms
    The total effect of CBT upon IBS symptom severity and psycho-social distress is mainly mediated by behavior and emotions
    Potential mechanism:
    CBT interventions for IBS => Symptom Management => Decrease in fear of symptoms => Changing illness cognitions
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