2.86 Nervous and Hormonal control Flashcards
How is information sent in the nervous system? And how fast are they?
through electrical impulses called neurones, they travel very fast at almost 100mps
What are the receptors and effectors in the nervous system?
Sensory receptors like the eyes and effectors like muscles or glands
How is information sent in the hormonal system? And how fast are they?
They are sent through a chemical susbstance called hormones, they travel through the blood
What is the nervous system made up of?
Nerves, the brain and the spinal cord
What is the hormonal system made of?
Glands
How long does it take for responses to happen in the hormonal system?
Takes very long for responses to happen
What is the pathway through the nervous system like?
Stimulus—->Sensory neuron—->Relay neuron—–>Motor neuron—->effector—>response
What is a dendrite?
A place where 2 neurons meet
What is a synaptic cleft?
The gap between the 2 neurons
How do the electric signals pass the synaptic cleft? explain this process.
-Vesicles move forward and fuse with the presynaptic membrane
-This diffuses the neurotransmitters across the synaptic cleft (down a concentration gradient)
-Neurotransmitters connect to receptors of the postsynaptic membrane
-This triggers an impulse which travels along the postsynaptic membrane
What happens to the neurotransmitters after passing across the synaptic cleft?
They either get recycled or get destroyed after an impulse is sent
Describe the process of a simple reflex arc when someone steps on a pin.
-The stimulus (the pin) is detetced by a pain receptor in the skin of a person’s foot
-A sensory neuron sends electrical impulses to the spinal cord
-An electrical impulse is passed on to a relay neurone in the spinal cord
-A relay neuron synapses with a motor neuron
-A motor neuron carries this impulse to the leg
-When stimulated by the motor neuron’s impulse, the leg will pull away from the pin
-This all happens in a fraction of a second
