2.8 Flashcards
Blood glucose is regulated by..
Pancreas and liver
What does insulin do and where is it released from
Released from the pancreas, causes conversion of blood glucose to glycogen in the liver
What does glucagon do and where is it released from
Released from pancreas, causes conversion of glycogen in the liver to glucose
What is insulins two jobs
Allow all cells to absorb glucose
Male liver cells store glucose as glycogen
What is glucagons one job
Activate conversion of glycogen in the liver to glucose
When is glucagon released
If pancreas detects drop in blood glucose
When is insulin released
When pancreas detect an increase in blood glucose
Type 1 diabetics
Usually occurs in childhood but can occur in adults
Cannot produce insulin, their cells cannot absorb glucose and they cannot store glycogen for later
Blood glucose can go really high
Type 2 diabetes
Occurs mainly in overweight individuals
Insulin produced, but liver cells do not respond due to lack of insulin receptors
Blood glucose levels can go high and people can show lack of energy as no glycogen stored
Treatment of type 1 diabetes
Injections of insulin after eating. Doses of insulin change depending on amount of carb consumed
Treatment type 2 diabetes
Can be treated by changing to low fat diet
Regular exercise shown to reduce symptoms
Extreme cases treated with medication that reduces carb intake by inhibiting digestive enzymes
Complications associated with diabetes
Damage to nerve cells
Damage to vascular networks
How to test diabetes
Glucose tolerance tests
Obesity
A BMI greater than 30
BMI
Measurement of body mass to height ratio.
