1.3

Question 1

mRNA

Answer 1

Single stranded , Carries a copy of gene to ribosome

Question 2

tRNA

Answer 2

Carries specific amino acid to ribosome

Question 3

rRNA

Answer 3

Makes up ribosome with associated proteins

Question 4

RNA features

Answer 4

Single stranded, Ribose sugar, Uracil bonds with A

Question 5

Transcription process

Answer 5

DNA unwinds at specific gene

Complementary mRNA bases line up opposite DNA bases in a single strand

RNA polymerase forms the ribose sugar phosphate bonds between nucleotides

Once strand is complete it detached from DNA and creates primary transcript

Question 6

Splicing

Answer 6

Before mRNA leaves nucleus it must be cut to form mature mRNA transcript, non coding areas (introns) cut out, exons stay

Question 7

Promoter sequence

Answer 7

Area on DNA at start of gene where protein synthesis starts

Question 8

RNA polymerase

Answer 8

Adds complementary RNA nucleotides to mRNA strand

Question 9

Primary transcript

Answer 9

Strand of mRNA made of introns and exons

Question 10

Mature mRNA transcript

Answer 10

Strand of mRNA made of exons

Question 11

Translation

Answer 11

Translation occurs in ribosome, this is where mRNA code is read and used to put together a protein. The proteins shape and function depend on the order of amino acids it is made of. mRNA tells the ribosome the correct order of amino acids

Question 12

Translation process

Answer 12

mRNA enters the ribosome, mRNA read in groups of 3 molecules (codons)

Molecules of tRNA arrive in ribosome, each tRNA section has an anticodon, they also carry specific amino acid

Anticodons on tRNA are complementary to the codons on mRNA

Amino acids line up next to eachother, peptide bonds form between them, peptide chain forms (protein)

Question 13

Start codon

Answer 13

Tells protein to start building

Question 14

Stop codon

Answer 14

Tells protein to stop building