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HUMAN BIO > 2.5 > Flashcards

2.5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the cardiovascular system

A

The cardiovascular system is a connected network of blood vessels, blood and a muscular pump (the heart) It provides tissues with oxygen and nutrients and helps to remove waste and toxins from the body

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2
Q

List functions of the cardiovascular system

A

Transporting oxygen and removing carbon dioxide

Transporting nutrients and removing wastes

Fighting disease

Transporting hormones

Regulating body temperature

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3
Q

Types of blood vessels

A

Arteries, Veins, Capillaries

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4
Q

Features of arteries

A

Arteries carry high pressure blood away from the heart

They have thick, muscular walls with elastic fibres that help them stretch when the heart beats.

The endthelium helps protect the layer of smooth muscle pumping fast moving blood

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5
Q

What does the smooth muscle in arteries do

A

Contract or relax to control blood flow to an area

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6
Q

What is vasoconstriction

A

When the artery contracts and the blood flow reduces

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7
Q

What is vasodilation

A

When the artery relaxes and the blood flow increases

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8
Q

When cold, arteries..

A

Arteries vasoconstrict in hands, arms, face and legs to keep blood warm in the core of body

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9
Q

When hot, arteries..

A

Arteries vasodilate in hands, arms, face and legs to use a larger surface area to cool blood down

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10
Q

During intense exercise, arteries in muscles and arms..

A

Vasodilate

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11
Q

During intense exercise, arteries in digestive system..

A

Vasoconstrict

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12
Q

During rest, arteries in muscles and arms..

A

Vasoconstrict

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13
Q

During rest, arteries in digestive system..

A

Vasodilate

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14
Q

Features of veins

A

Carry low blood pressure to the heart

Have larger lumen than arteries, but less muscle and elastic fibres

The endothelium is a protective layer lining inside of veins

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15
Q

Purpose of valves

A

Valves prevent the back flow of blood as venous blood needs to travel from tips of toes to your head.

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16
Q

Features of capillaries

A

Capillaries are site of exchange of materials between cells and blood

They form a dense network around tissues to increase surface area for exchange

The walls of the capillaries are 1 cell thick to allow for efficient diffusion

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17
Q

Size of lumen in artery

A

Narrow

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18
Q

Size of lumen in vein

A

Wide

19
Q

Size of lumen in capillary

A

1 cell wide

20
Q

Wall of vessel in artery

A

Thick smooth muscle

21
Q

Wall of vessel in capillary

A

1 cell thick

22
Q

Wall of vessel in vein

A

Thinner smooth muscle

23
Q

Elasticity of artery

A

Very elastic

24
Q

Elasticity of capillary

A

Not elastic

25
Q

Elasticity of vein

A

Slightly elastic

26
Q

Blood pressure in artery

A

High

27
Q

Blood pressure in capillary

A

Low

28
Q

Blood pressure in vein

A

Low

29
Q

Direction of flow of artery

A

Away from heart

30
Q

Direction of flow of capillary

A

Between arteries and veins

31
Q

Direction of flow of vein

A

To heart

32
Q

What is blood made up of

A

Plasma
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Dissolved substances
Proteins
Amino acids

33
Q

What is blood plasma

A

Blood plasma is a yellow watery fluid that carries the other components of blood. It can hold a certain amount of dissolved substances such as carbon dioxide and glucose

34
Q

What is tissue fluid

A

Blood reaches the capillary at high pressure, this causes some of the plasma to be pushed through the capillary wall (pressure filtration) into the space next to the cells. When it arrives in this space the fluid is called tissue fluid.

35
Q

What is pressure filtration

A

When plasma is pushed through the capillary wall due to blood being high pressure

36
Q

What does tissue fluid contain

A

Oxygen, glucose and amino acids that the cells require. These diffuse into the cells that are surrounded by the tissue fluid.

37
Q

What do tissue fluid and blood plasma both have

A

Oxygen, carbon dioxide and glucose

38
Q

What does blood plasma have that tissue fluid doesn’t

A

Proteins and red blood cells

39
Q

How does return of tissue fluid work

A

The tissue fluid that has collected waste and carbon dioxide returns to the blood to get to the lungs, liver and kidneys. Most tissue fluid is reabsorbed by the capillary at the low pressure end.

40
Q

What happens to tissue fluid that doesn’t return to the capillary

A

Excess tissue fluid is collected by lymph vessels. As soon as it enters the lymph vessel the tissue fluid is called lymph.

41
Q

What do lymph vessels do with lymph

A

Lymph vessels return lymph to the cardiovascular system near the heart

42
Q

Location of blood plasma

A

Blood vessels

43
Q

Location of tissue fluid

A

Tissue space

44
Q

Location of lymph fluid

A

Lymph vessels

HUMAN BIO (24 decks)

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