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HUMAN BIO > 2.6 > Flashcards

2.6 Flashcards

1
Q

Vena cave carries blood from

A

Body to heart

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2
Q

Pulmonary artery carries blood from

A

Heart to lungs

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3
Q

Pulmonary vein carries blood from

A

Lungs to heart

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4
Q

Aorta carries blood from

A

Heart to body

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5
Q

Coronary arteries

A

Supply heart muscle

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6
Q

Oxygenated blood is pushed towards

A

Body

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7
Q

The left side of the heart pumps

A

Oxygenated blood to the body

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8
Q

The right side of the heart pumps

A

Deoxygenated blood to the lungs

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9
Q

Cardiac output formula

A

CO = SV x HR

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10
Q

What is cardiac output

A

The amount of blood a ventricle can pump every minute is known as cardiac output. It depends on the amount of blood your heart can move and the number of times your heart is beating.

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11
Q

What does HR stand for

A

Heart rate. How many times your heart beats in 1 minute.

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12
Q

Atrioventricular valve

A

Name of valve between atrium and ventricle

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13
Q

Semilunar valve

A

Valve that stops back flow of blood from arteries into ventricles

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14
Q

What is the cardiac cycle

A

Each heartbeat is called a cardiac cycle . It is the process by which the four chambers of the heart fill and empty of blood.

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15
Q

What are the main phases of the cardiac cycle

A

Atrial systole
Ventricular systole
Diastole

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16
Q

Atrial systole

A

The atria both contract at the same time to squeeze blood through the AV valves into the ventricles

17
Q

Diastole

A

All chambers relax and fill with blood. Atria fill first ready for the cycle to begin again.

18
Q

Ventricular systole

A

Both ventricles contract to squeeze blood through the pulmonary artery and aorta

19
Q

What are valves used for in cardiac cycle

A

Preventing back flow of blood during ventricular systole and diastole

20
Q

AV and SL valve in atrial systole

A

AV open
SL closed

21
Q

AV and SL valve in ventricular systole

A

AV closed
SL open

22
Q

AV and SL valve in diastole

A

AV open
SL closed

23
Q

Electric nerve fibres which cause contraction of heart muscle

A

Sino-atrial node
Atrio-ventricular node
The purkinje fibres in ventricle walls

24
Q

Explain Sino-Atrial node

A

Also known as peacemaker cells
Located on wall of right atrium
Auto-rhythmic, spontaneously send electrical signals across the atria causing them to contract (atrial systole)

25
Q

Explains atrio ventricular node

A

Picks up electrical signals from SA node
Located in centre of heart between atria and ventricles
Sends electrical impulses down fibres in ventricle walls

26
Q

What do fibres in ventricle walls do with nodes

A

Pass impulses from AV node down the middle of heart and into the ventricle side, causing ventricular contraction (ventricular systole)

27
Q

Explain entire electrical pathway of heart

A

SA node produces wave of electrical excitation across atria - atria contracts

AV node picks up signal from atria, passes impulses down fibres in ventricular wall

Impulses travel down fibres in centre of heart

Impulses travel along ventricle walls - ventricles contract

28
Q

Noradrenaline involving heart

A

Released when sympathetic nerve activated. Causes increase in heart rate when released at SA anode

29
Q

Acetylcholine involving heart

A

Released when parasympathetic nerve activated. Causes decreases in heart rate when released at SA node

30
Q

What is an electrocardiogram

A

Piece of equipment which measures the electrical activity of your heart

31
Q

ECG P wave is

A

Electrical excitation of SA node travelling across atria (atrial systole)

32
Q

ECG QRS wave is

A

Electrical excitation of ventricles (ventricular systole)

33
Q

ECG T wave is

A

Electrical recovery of ventricles (diastole)

34
Q

Blood pressure taken as 2 readings..

A

Systolic (pressure when ventricles contract)
Diastolic (pressure when heart relaxes)

35
Q

Process of using a sphygmomanometer

A

The cuff is inflated to cut off arterial blood supply from the arm

The cuff slowly deflated until the blood starts to force its way through by ventricle contracting. You can hear pulse in arm, this is systolic bp

The cuff continues to deflate. The artery will fully open at another pressure. You cannot hear the pulse anymore, this is diastolic bp

HUMAN BIO (24 decks)

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