1.2

Question 1

Structure of DNA (every component)

Answer 1

Nucleotides (deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, base)
Sugar - phosphate backbone
Hydrogen bonds between bases

Question 2

3’ end of DNA

Answer 2

Deoxyribose sugar

Question 3

5’ end of DNA

Answer 3

Phosphate

Question 4

Ingredients for DNA replication

Answer 4

Free nucleotides
Primers
DNA polymerase and ligase
ATP
Template strand

Question 5

Process of DNA replication (leading strand)

Answer 5

DNA strand unwinds and hydrogen bonds between bases break

Primer attaches at 3’ end

DNA polymerase adds complementary nucleotides from primer (3’ > 5’)

Question 6

Process of DNA replication (lagging strand)

Answer 6

Several primers attach to various points along lagging strand

DNA polymerase adds nucleotides 3’ > 5’ to make fragments of DNA strand

Ligase (DNA ligase) glues the fragments together to make a complete copy

Question 7

Primer

Answer 7

Short sequence of complementary nucleotides that bind to 3’ end

Question 8

DNA polymerase

Answer 8

Enzyme which adds complementary nucleotides to new DNA strand from 3’ end

Question 9

DNA ligase

Answer 9

Seals fragments of DNA in lagging strand

Question 10

PCR

Answer 10

method to amplify a section of DNA

Question 11

Process of PCR

Answer 11

95C - Hydrogen bonds broken, strands separate

60C - Primers added to 3’

75C - Optimum temperature for heat tolerant DNA polymerase to add nucleotides to strand