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Pathophysiology > 27 28 29 > Flashcards

27 28 29 Flashcards

1
Q

WBC casts in urine

A

acute pyelonephritis

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2
Q

renal calculi

A

kidney stones

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3
Q

renal colic

A

type of abdominal pain commonly caused by obstruction of ureter from dislodged kidney stones

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4
Q

Infection by ________ accounts for nearly half of all reported cases of vulvovaginitis.

A

Candida albicans

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5
Q

Appropriate management of end-stage renal disease includes

A

erythropoietin administration.

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6
Q

A patient who has difficulty walking without assistance is incontinent of urine when help doesn’t get to her quickly enough. The term for this type of incontinence is

A

functional

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7
Q

Functional incontinence is secondary to

A

motor or cognitive deficit.

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8
Q

Extraurethral incontinence occurs when an individual has

A

fistula

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9
Q

The majority of penile cancer cases are classified as

A

squamous cell carcinoma.

NOT basal cell carcinoma

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10
Q

The consequence of an upper urinary tract obstruction in a single ureter is

A

hydronephrosis

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11
Q

The most common sign/symptom of renal calculi is

A

pain

Oliguria is not a frequent sign/symptom of renal calculi.

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12
Q

The pathology report for a patient with penile cancer has this statement: The tumor involves the shaft of the penis. The cancer is at what stage?

A

Stage II

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13
Q

Penile carcinoma is staged as follows:

A

Stage I: The lesion is limited to the glans or foreskin.

Stage II: The tumor involves the shaft of the penis.

Stage III: The inguinal nodes are involved, but the lesion is operable.

Stage IV: Disseminated disease

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14
Q

The main clinical manifestation of a kidney stone obstructing the ureter is

A

Renal colic!

is the flank pain that occurs with obstruction of the proximal ureter or renal pelvis

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15
Q

The defining characteristic of severe acute kidney injury is

A

oliguria or anuria

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16
Q

Struvite kidney stones are caused by

A

the urea-splitting bacteria

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17
Q

radical mastectomy

A

rare procedure in which the breast, lymphatic drainage, and underlying pectoral muscles are removed

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18
Q

The patient reports persistent pelvic pain and urinary frequency and urgency. She says the pain improves when she empties her bladder. She does not have a fever and her repeated urinalyses over the past months have been normal, although she has a history of frequent bladder infections. She also has a history of fibromyalgia and hypothyroidism. Based on her history and complaints, her symptoms are characteristic of

A

interstitial cystitis.

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19
Q

interstitial cystitis.

A

results in urgency, frequency, and pelvic pain that is relieved when the bladder is emptied. It is associated with other pain syndromes such as fibromyalgia.

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20
Q

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is caused by

A

absent or diminished levels of progesterone.

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21
Q

A progressive decrease in the force of the urinary stream, dribbling of urine, and difficulty initiating the urinary stream are characteristic of

A

prostatic enlargement.

22
Q

most common cause of urinary obstruction in male newborns and infants

A

urethral valves

23
Q

Uterine prolapse is caused by a relaxation of the

A

cardinal ligaments.

24
Q

The effect on the renal tubules during the postoliguric phase of acute tubular necrosis involves

A

regeneration of the renal tubular epithelium.

25
Q

The most common cause of ischemic acute tubular necrosis (ATN) in the United States is

A

sepsis

26
Q

The major cause of glomerulonephritis is

A

immune system damage to the glomeruli.

27
Q

crescentic glomerulonephritis.

A

results in a swift decline in renal function that progresses to acute renal injury

28
Q

Hyperlipidemia occurs in nephrotic syndrome because

A

hepatocytes synthesize excessive lipids

29
Q

A person with acute pyelonephritis would most typically experience

A

fever

30
Q

oliguric phase of acute tubular necrosis is characterized by

A

fluid excess and electrolyte imbalance.

31
Q

A breast lump that is painless, hard, and unmoving is most likely

A

carcinoma

32
Q

Postrenal acute kidney injury may be caused by

A

bilateral kidney stones.

33
Q

Severe hypotension causes

A

prerenal acute kidney injury

34
Q

The normal post-void residual urine in the bladder is

A

100ml

35
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

menstruation that is painful enough to limit normal activity

36
Q

Amenorrhea

A

absence or suppression of menstruation in a female aged 16 years or older

37
Q

Metrorrhagia

A

bleeding between menstrual periods

38
Q

The individual at highest risk of pyelonephritis who requires monitoring for signs of its occurrence is the

A

man who has chronic urinary tract infections.

39
Q

Cryptorchidism

A

associated with an increased incidence of testicular cancer

40
Q

The pathophysiologic basis of acute glomerulonephritis is

A

an immune complex reaction

41
Q

The microorganism that causes the vast majority of urinary tract infections is

A

Escherichia coli.

42
Q

signs of fever

A

acute pyelonephritis

43
Q

signs of proteinuria

A

acute/chronic glomerulonephritis

nephrotic syndrome

44
Q

signs of azotemia

A

acute glomerulonephritis

acute kidney injury/failure

45
Q

incr permeability to proteins in GFR

A

nephrotic syndrome

46
Q

sign of anorexia

A

acute pyelonephritis

47
Q

signs of CVA tenderness

A

acute pyelonephritis

renal cell carcinoma

48
Q

signs of oliguria

A

acute glomerulonephritis
prerenal kidney injury
acute tubular necrosis
`

49
Q

immune response to variety of triggers

leads to inflammation>lysosomal degradation

A

ACUTE glomerulonephritis

50
Q

requires dialysis

A 
1 cystic kidneys>renal failure>dialysis
2 CHRONIC glomerulonephritis
3 oliguric phase of ACUTE TUBULAR NECROSIS
4 ESRD
5 CHRONIC kidney disease
6 CHRONIC renal failure

Pathophysiology (32 decks)

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