27 28 29 Flashcards
WBC casts in urine
acute pyelonephritis
renal calculi
kidney stones
renal colic
type of abdominal pain commonly caused by obstruction of ureter from dislodged kidney stones
Infection by ________ accounts for nearly half of all reported cases of vulvovaginitis.
Candida albicans
Appropriate management of end-stage renal disease includes
erythropoietin administration.
A patient who has difficulty walking without assistance is incontinent of urine when help doesn’t get to her quickly enough. The term for this type of incontinence is
functional
Functional incontinence is secondary to
motor or cognitive deficit.
Extraurethral incontinence occurs when an individual has
fistula
The majority of penile cancer cases are classified as
squamous cell carcinoma.
NOT basal cell carcinoma
The consequence of an upper urinary tract obstruction in a single ureter is
hydronephrosis
The most common sign/symptom of renal calculi is
pain
Oliguria is not a frequent sign/symptom of renal calculi.
The pathology report for a patient with penile cancer has this statement: The tumor involves the shaft of the penis. The cancer is at what stage?
Stage II
Penile carcinoma is staged as follows:
Stage I: The lesion is limited to the glans or foreskin.
Stage II: The tumor involves the shaft of the penis.
Stage III: The inguinal nodes are involved, but the lesion is operable.
Stage IV: Disseminated disease
The main clinical manifestation of a kidney stone obstructing the ureter is
Renal colic!
is the flank pain that occurs with obstruction of the proximal ureter or renal pelvis
The defining characteristic of severe acute kidney injury is
oliguria or anuria
Struvite kidney stones are caused by
the urea-splitting bacteria
radical mastectomy
rare procedure in which the breast, lymphatic drainage, and underlying pectoral muscles are removed
The patient reports persistent pelvic pain and urinary frequency and urgency. She says the pain improves when she empties her bladder. She does not have a fever and her repeated urinalyses over the past months have been normal, although she has a history of frequent bladder infections. She also has a history of fibromyalgia and hypothyroidism. Based on her history and complaints, her symptoms are characteristic of
interstitial cystitis.
interstitial cystitis.
results in urgency, frequency, and pelvic pain that is relieved when the bladder is emptied. It is associated with other pain syndromes such as fibromyalgia.
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is caused by
absent or diminished levels of progesterone.
A progressive decrease in the force of the urinary stream, dribbling of urine, and difficulty initiating the urinary stream are characteristic of
prostatic enlargement.
most common cause of urinary obstruction in male newborns and infants
urethral valves
Uterine prolapse is caused by a relaxation of the
cardinal ligaments.
The effect on the renal tubules during the postoliguric phase of acute tubular necrosis involves
regeneration of the renal tubular epithelium.
The most common cause of ischemic acute tubular necrosis (ATN) in the United States is
sepsis
The major cause of glomerulonephritis is
immune system damage to the glomeruli.
crescentic glomerulonephritis.
results in a swift decline in renal function that progresses to acute renal injury
Hyperlipidemia occurs in nephrotic syndrome because
hepatocytes synthesize excessive lipids
A person with acute pyelonephritis would most typically experience
fever
oliguric phase of acute tubular necrosis is characterized by
fluid excess and electrolyte imbalance.
A breast lump that is painless, hard, and unmoving is most likely
carcinoma
Postrenal acute kidney injury may be caused by
bilateral kidney stones.
Severe hypotension causes
prerenal acute kidney injury
The normal post-void residual urine in the bladder is
100ml
Dysmenorrhea
menstruation that is painful enough to limit normal activity
Amenorrhea
absence or suppression of menstruation in a female aged 16 years or older
Metrorrhagia
bleeding between menstrual periods
The individual at highest risk of pyelonephritis who requires monitoring for signs of its occurrence is the
man who has chronic urinary tract infections.
Cryptorchidism
associated with an increased incidence of testicular cancer
The pathophysiologic basis of acute glomerulonephritis is
an immune complex reaction
The microorganism that causes the vast majority of urinary tract infections is
Escherichia coli.
signs of fever
acute pyelonephritis
signs of proteinuria
acute/chronic glomerulonephritis
nephrotic syndrome
signs of azotemia
acute glomerulonephritis
acute kidney injury/failure
incr permeability to proteins in GFR
nephrotic syndrome
sign of anorexia
acute pyelonephritis
signs of CVA tenderness
acute pyelonephritis
renal cell carcinoma
signs of oliguria
acute glomerulonephritis
prerenal kidney injury
acute tubular necrosis
`
immune response to variety of triggers
leads to inflammation>lysosomal degradation
ACUTE glomerulonephritis
requires dialysis
1 cystic kidneys>renal failure>dialysis 2 CHRONIC glomerulonephritis 3 oliguric phase of ACUTE TUBULAR NECROSIS 4 ESRD 5 CHRONIC kidney disease 6 CHRONIC renal failure
