10 Alterations in Immune Function

Question 1

formed elements

Answer 1

leukocytes, platelets, + erythrocytes (45% of whole blood)

Question 2

plasma

Answer 2

separate fr formed elements

-55%

Question 3

multipotent stem cells

Answer 3

differentiates into lymphatic stem cells or myeloid stem cells

Question 4

myeloid stem cells

Answer 4

differentiates into erythrocytes, thrombocytes, and leukocytes

Question 5

lymphatic stem cells

Answer 5

differentiates into B + T lymphocytes

Question 6

immune cells

Answer 6

white blood cells

Question 7

specific immune cells

Answer 7

T + B cells

Question 8

non-specific immune cells

Answer 8

neutrophil, basophil (mast), eosino, monocyte, macrophage

Question 9

immune system

Answer 9

• defends against invasion/infection by antigens

- patrols + destroys abnormal/damaged cells

Question 10

types of altered immune system

Answer 10

1 excessive immune response

2 deficient immune response

Question 11

excessive immune response

Answer 11

over or hyper functioning of immune system

Question 12

deficient immune response

Answer 12

ineffective immune response

Question 13

types of excessive immune response

Answer 13

1 autoimmunity

2 hypersensitivity

Question 14

autoimmunity

Answer 14

-abnormal excessive immune system attacks own tissues

Question 15

MHC Genes (HLA)

Answer 15

specific proteins on a person’s cell that increase risk of autoimmunity
-females at a higher risk

Question 16

hypersensitivity

Answer 16

• type of excessive immune response

- describes mechanism of injury

Question 17

both excessive immune response lead to ___

Answer 17

inflammation

Question 18

autoimmunity

treatments

Answer 18

individualized immunosuppressive therapy
1 corticosteroids + cytotoxins [MTX]
2 tumor necrosis factor inhibitors + immunomodulators
3 therapeutic plasmapheresis

Question 19

hypersensitivity from fastest to slowest rxn

Answer 19

type I (fastest) > type IV (slowest)

Question 20

type I

Answer 20

IgE
-fastest hypersensitivity rxn

ex) allergies, anaphylaxis, season hay fever

Question 21

antibody mediated hypersensitivity

Answer 21

types I-III

Question 22

type II

Answer 22

IgG + IgM

ex) RBC destruction after mismatch transfusion, hemolytic disease of newborn

Question 23

type III

Answer 23

IgG + IgM

ex)rheumatoid arthritis, streptococcal glomerupthritis

Question 24

type IV

Answer 24

T cells

• cell mediated hypersensitivity
• slowest hypersensitivity rxn

ex) contact dermatitis, TB, type 1 diabetes mellitus

Question 25

type I hypersensitivity

treatment

Answer 25

1 IgE blocker therapy
2 antihistamines
3 epinephrine (epipen)
4 beta-adrenergics
5 corticosteroids
6 anticholinergics

Question 26

IgE blocker therapy

Answer 26

• inhibits binding of IgE to mast cells

- only for type I hypersensitivity

Question 27

antihistamines

Answer 27

block effects of histamine

Question 28

epinephrine

Answer 28

• counters effects of histamine
• adrenergic agent given subQ or IV during acute allergic rxn
• epiPen

Question 29

beta-adrenergics

Answer 29

decrease bronchoconstriction

Question 30

corticosteroids

Answer 30

decrease inflammatory response

Question 31

anticholinergics

Answer 31

block parasympathetic system (rest + digest)

Question 32

hypersensitivity types + their mediates

Answer 32

i: histamine
ii: complement
iii: atigen-antibody complexes
iv: t cell