1247 Flashcards
After bronchoscopy and histologic examination of a suspected tumor, your patient is diagnosed with primary bronchial carcinoma. Thus, the tumor
is malignant
The nurse is swabbing a patient’s throat to test for streptococcal pharyngitis. The nurse must understand that tests such as this differ in the probability that they will be positive for a condition when applied to a person with the condition; this probability is termed ______
sensitivity
Metaplasia is
replacement of one cell to another type
Your patient is scheduled for a staging procedure. She wants to know what that means. The correct response is which of the following?
It is a procedure for determining the extent of tumor spread.
All these cellular responses are potentially reversible except
necrosis
A patient with metastatic lung cancer wants to know her chances for survival. Which response is correct?
“Lung cancer has about a 15% survival rate.”
Persistence of the alarm stage will ultimately result in
death
After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take cholesterol-lowering medication. This is an example of
tertiary prevention
C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed a pharyngeal infection. His clinic examination reveals an oral temperature of 102.3°F, skin rash, dysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He complains of sore throat, malaise, and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and antibiotics have been prescribed. The etiology of C.Q.’s disease is
streptococcal infection
Apoptosis is a process that results in cellular
death
Of the statements below, the accurate statement regarding nutrition and cellular health is
deficient cellular uptake by one cell type may contribute to excess nutrient delivery to other cell types.
Necrotic death of brain tissue usually produces _____ necrosis.
liquefactive
Paraneoplastic syndromes in cancer involve excessive production of substances by multiple means. A common substance found in excessive amounts resulting from cancer paraneoplastic syndromes is
calcium
The most common tumor-suppressor gene defect identified in cancer cells is
p53 gene
The cellular component that is most susceptible to radiation injury is the
DNA
Familial retinoblastoma involves the transmission of what from parent to offspring?
Mutant tumor-suppressor gene
The effect of stress on the immune system
may involve enhancement or impairment of the immune system.
A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodium intake. This is an example of
secondary prevention
Indicators that an individual is experiencing high stress include all the following except
pupil constriction.
Malignant neoplasms of epithelial origin are known as
carcinoma
Selye’s three phases of the stress response include
allostasis
The effects of excessive cortisol production include
immune suppression
In general, with aging, organ size and function
decrease
Coagulative necrosis is caused by
interrupted blood supply.
The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well established, is referred to as
subclinical
All the following stress-induced hormones increase blood glucose except
aldosterone
The primary adaptive purpose of the substances produced in the alarm stage is
energy + repair
A disease that is native to a particular region is called
endemic
Proto-oncogenes
are normal cellular genes that promote growth.
A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This is an example of
primary prevention
Carbon monoxide injures cells by
reducing oxygen level on hemoglobin.
After surgery to remove a lung tumor, your patient is scheduled for chemotherapy, which will
kill rapidly dividing cells.
An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie diet and exercise program. This is an example of
secondary prevention
Many of the responses to stress are attributed to activation of the sympathetic nervous system and are mediated by
norepinephrine
Extreme cold injures cells by all the following except
decreased blood viscosity
The cellular response indicative of injury because of faulty metabolism is
intracellular accumulations
Cancer grading is based on
cell differentiation
Which is not normally secreted in response to stress?
insulin
Somatic death refers to death
of the entire organism
The cellular change that is considered preneoplastic is
dysplasia
levels prevention
primary - reducing susceptibility, prevention, vaccination
secondary - screening, detection + management
tertiary - rehab supportive care, treatment
