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Question 1

After bronchoscopy and histologic examination of a suspected tumor, your patient is diagnosed with primary bronchial carcinoma. Thus, the tumor

Answer 1

is malignant

Question 2

The nurse is swabbing a patient’s throat to test for streptococcal pharyngitis. The nurse must understand that tests such as this differ in the probability that they will be positive for a condition when applied to a person with the condition; this probability is termed ______

Answer 2

sensitivity

Question 3

Metaplasia is

Answer 3

replacement of one cell to another type

Question 4

Your patient is scheduled for a staging procedure. She wants to know what that means. The correct response is which of the following?

Answer 4

It is a procedure for determining the extent of tumor spread.

Question 5

All these cellular responses are potentially reversible except

Answer 5

necrosis

Question 6

A patient with metastatic lung cancer wants to know her chances for survival. Which response is correct?

Answer 6

“Lung cancer has about a 15% survival rate.”

Question 7

Persistence of the alarm stage will ultimately result in

Answer 7

death

Question 8

After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take cholesterol-lowering medication. This is an example of

Answer 8

tertiary prevention

Question 9

C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed a pharyngeal infection. His clinic examination reveals an oral temperature of 102.3°F, skin rash, dysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He complains of sore throat, malaise, and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and antibiotics have been prescribed. The etiology of C.Q.’s disease is

Answer 9

streptococcal infection

Question 10

Apoptosis is a process that results in cellular

Answer 10

death

Question 11

Of the statements below, the accurate statement regarding nutrition and cellular health is

Answer 11

deficient cellular uptake by one cell type may contribute to excess nutrient delivery to other cell types.

Question 12

Necrotic death of brain tissue usually produces _____ necrosis.

Answer 12

liquefactive

Question 13

Paraneoplastic syndromes in cancer involve excessive production of substances by multiple means. A common substance found in excessive amounts resulting from cancer paraneoplastic syndromes is

Answer 13

calcium

Question 14

The most common tumor-suppressor gene defect identified in cancer cells is

Answer 14

p53 gene

Question 15

The cellular component that is most susceptible to radiation injury is the

Answer 15

DNA

Question 16

Familial retinoblastoma involves the transmission of what from parent to offspring?

Answer 16

Mutant tumor-suppressor gene

Question 17

The effect of stress on the immune system

Answer 17

may involve enhancement or impairment of the immune system.

Question 18

A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodium intake. This is an example of

Answer 18

secondary prevention

Question 19

Indicators that an individual is experiencing high stress include all the following except

Answer 19

pupil constriction.

Question 20

Malignant neoplasms of epithelial origin are known as

Answer 20

carcinoma

Question 21

Selye’s three phases of the stress response include

Answer 21

allostasis

Question 22

The effects of excessive cortisol production include

Answer 22

immune suppression

Question 23

In general, with aging, organ size and function

Answer 23

decrease

Question 24

Coagulative necrosis is caused by

Answer 24

interrupted blood supply.

Question 25

The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well established, is referred to as

Answer 25

subclinical

Question 26

All the following stress-induced hormones increase blood glucose except

Answer 26

aldosterone

Question 27

The primary adaptive purpose of the substances produced in the alarm stage is

Answer 27

energy + repair

Question 28

A disease that is native to a particular region is called

Answer 28

endemic

Question 29

Proto-oncogenes

Answer 29

are normal cellular genes that promote growth.

Question 30

A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This is an example of

Answer 30

primary prevention

Question 31

Carbon monoxide injures cells by

Answer 31

reducing oxygen level on hemoglobin.

Question 32

After surgery to remove a lung tumor, your patient is scheduled for chemotherapy, which will

Answer 32

kill rapidly dividing cells.

Question 33

An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie diet and exercise program. This is an example of

Answer 33

secondary prevention

Question 34

Many of the responses to stress are attributed to activation of the sympathetic nervous system and are mediated by

Answer 34

norepinephrine

Question 35

Extreme cold injures cells by all the following except

Answer 35

decreased blood viscosity

Question 36

The cellular response indicative of injury because of faulty metabolism is

Answer 36

intracellular accumulations

Question 37

Cancer grading is based on

Answer 37

cell differentiation

Question 38

Which is not normally secreted in response to stress?

Answer 38

insulin

Question 39

Somatic death refers to death

Answer 39

of the entire organism

Question 40

The cellular change that is considered preneoplastic is

Answer 40

dysplasia

Question 41

levels prevention

Answer 41

primary - reducing susceptibility, prevention, vaccination
secondary - screening, detection + management
tertiary - rehab supportive care, treatment