22 23 24 25 Flashcards
A patient has a positive Chvostek sign. The nurse interprets this as a sign of
neuromuscular excitability
-can be caused by HYPOcalcemia, HYPOmagnesemia
Certain autoimmune diseases are associated with the presence of specific proteins on a person’s cells. These proteins are called ________ proteins.
HLA + MHC
What is likely to lead to hyponatremia?
Frequent nasogastric tube irrigation with water
HYPERcalcemia and HYPERmagnesemia cause
decreased neuromuscular excitability
Renal compensation for respiratory acidosis is evidenced by
elevated bicarbonate ion concentration.
The major cause of death from leukemic disease is
infection
An increase in the resting membrane potential (hyperpolarized) is associated with
HYPOKALEMIA
Rheumatic heart disease is most often a consequence of
β-hemolytic streptococcal infection.
ketones suggest
metab acidosis
The most common primary immune deficiency that affects only B cells is
selective IgA.
The therapy that most directly improves cardiac contractility in a patient with systolic heart failure is
digitalis
When a parent of a toddler recently diagnosed with pneumococcal pneumonia asks why their child is so much sicker than a classmate was when they were diagnosed with pneumonia, the nurse replies
“It sounds like your child has a case of bacterial pneumonia, while the classmate had viral pneumonia.”
Myocarditis should be suspected in a patient who presents with
acute onset of left ventricular dysfunction.
Chest pain and ST elevation is indicative of
myocardial infarction
probability that they will be positive for a condition when applied to a person with the condition; this probability is termed
sensitivity.
The characteristic x-ray findings in tuberculosis include
Ghon tubercles.
Causes of metabolic acidosis include
tissue anoxia
Aortic regurgitation is associated with
diastolic murmur
Administration of which therapy is most appropriate for hypovolemic shock?
crystalloids
Overproduction of nitric oxide is an important aspect of the pathophysiologic process of what type of shock?
Septic
A patient (8 months preg) has developed eclampsia and is receiving intravenous magnesium sulfate to prevent seizures. To determine if her infusion rate is too high, you should regularly
check the patellar reflex;
-if it becomes weak or absent, her infusion rate probably is too high and she is at risk for respiratory depression or cardiac arrest.
-bc HYPERmagnesia causes decrease in neuromuscular ecitability
A person who experiences a panic attack and develops hyperventilation symptoms may experience
Numbness and tingling in the extremities occurs in alkalosis
Hyperaldosteronism causes
ECV excess and hypokalemia.
-Hyperaldosteronism causes excessive renal retention of sodium and water and excessive potassium excretion
Signs and symptoms of clinical dehydration include
decr urine output
Two primary acid-base disorders that are present independently are referred to as
mixed acid base imbalance
A patient with significant aortic stenosis is likely to experience
SYNCOPE
Ghon tubercles.
TB findings
Excessive antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion can cause _____ concentration.
decreased serum sodium
strep throat infection develops glomerulonephritis. This is most likely a type _____ hypersensitivity reaction.
III
The inward-pulling force of particles in the vascular fluid is called _____ pressure.
capillary osmotic pressure
The hypersecretion of mucus resulting for chronic bronchitis is the result of
recurrent infection.
An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie diet and exercise program. This is an example of
secondary prev
Which dysrhythmia is thought to be associated with reentrant mechanisms?
Preexcitation syndrome tachycardia (Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome)
majority of cases of anaphylactic shock occur when a sensitized individual comes in contact with
ANTIBIOTIC
Tissues are able to autoregulate their rate of blood flow by controlling
vascular resistance.
A patient is exhibiting severe dyspnea and anxiety. The patient also has bubbly crackles in all lung fields with pink, frothy sputum. This patient is most likely experiencing
acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
T/F Lactated Ringer solution and normal saline are commonly used crystalloid solutions that contain electrolytes.
T
Which change in a patient’s assessment has the greatest urgency?
Serum potassium concentration is increasing; has developed cardiac dysrhythmias, but denies any difficulty breathing
he person at highest risk for developing hypernatremia is a person who
receives tube feedings because he or she is comatose after a stroke.
staging procedure
Staging describes the location and pattern of spread of a tumor.
Early manifestations of a developing metabolic acidosis include
HEADACHE
A patient presents to the emergency department with a diastolic blood pressure of 132 mm Hg, retinopathy, and symptoms of an ischemic stroke. This symptomology is likely the result of
hypertensive crisis
What age group has a larger volume of extracellular fluid than intracellular fluid?
infants
Clinical manifestations of hyponatremia include
confusion, lethargy, coma, and perhaps seizures.
individuals who have asthma, exposure to an allergen to which they are sensitized leads to
Inflammation, mucosal edema, and bronchoconstriction
Neuromuscular disorders impair lung function primarily because of
weak muscles for breathing
Lack of α-antitrypsin in emphysema causes
destruction of alveolar tissue.
hypertensive crisis
dias BP greater than 120
how they will know if their 2-month-old baby, who is throwing up and has frequent diarrhea, is dehydrated
“If the soft spot on the top of his head feels sunken in and his mouth is dry between his cheek and his gums, then he is probably dehydrated.”
When systemic vascular resistance is decreased, blood flow
DECREASED
Second-degree heart block type I (Wenckebach) is characterized by
lengthening PR intervals and dropped P wave.
5-year-old with a history of asthma include extreme shortness of breath, nasal flaring, coughing, pulsus paradoxus, and use of accessory respiratory muscles. There is no wheezing and the chest is silent in many areas
The child may be having such a severe asthma episode that the airways are closed, so start oxygen and get the doctor immediately.
Which is indicative of a left tension pneumothorax?
Absent breath sounds on the left
Manifestations from sodium imbalances occur primarily as a result of
cellular fluid shifts.
Restriction of which electrolytes is recommended in the management of high blood pressure?
SODIUM
NOREPINEPHRINE CAUSES
vasoconstriction
Legionnaires disease is characterized by
presence of systmc illness
The most appropriate treatment for secondary polycythemia is
measured to improve oxygenation
Venous obstruction leads to edema because it ________ pressure.
capillar hydrostatic prssure
Primary treatment for myocardial infarction (MI) is directed at
decreasing myocardial oxygen demands.
Excessive red cell lysis can be detected by measuring the serum
bilirubin
When a patient is struck in the eye by a baseball, the result is redness and swelling. This increase in blood flow to a localized area is called
hyperemia
The arterial oxygen content (CaO 2) for a patient with PaO 2 100 mm Hg, SaO 2 95%, and hemoglobin 15 g/dL is _____ mL oxygen/dL.
19.4
Dysfunction of which organ would lead to clotting factor deficiency?
liver
Clinical manifestations of chronic arterial obstruction include
intermittent claudication.
Chronic elevation of myocardial wall tension results in _______
HYPERTROPHY
not atrophy
should be routinely monitored in patients receiving digitalis therapy is
serum potassium
