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higher biology > 2.5 > Flashcards

2.5 Flashcards

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1
Q

what does the cardiovascular system consist of

A

the heart, blood vessels and the blood which they contain

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2
Q

what is the function of the cardiovascular system

A

to exchange substances between different structures in the body and it’s environment

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3
Q

what is the central cavity of a blood vessel called

A

the central lumen

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4
Q

what is the central lumen lined with

A

a layer of cells called the endothelium

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5
Q

what do arteries do

A

carry blood away from the heart at a high pressure

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6
Q

arteries have _____ walls and a ______ lumen

A

THICK walls and a NARROW lumen

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7
Q

what does the outer layer of connective tissue contain (artery)

A

elastic fibres

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8
Q

what does the muscle wall contain (artery)

A

smooth muscle and elastic fibres

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9
Q

what do the arteries do to accommodate the surge of blood after each contraction of the heart

A

stretch and recoil

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10
Q

why do arteries recoil between beats

A

to maintain the high pressure of blood

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11
Q

how does the smooth muscle surrounding the arteries control blood flow

A

they contract causing vasoconstriction or relax causing vasodilation

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12
Q

what is vasoconstriction

A

when the smooth muscle on the arteries contract

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13
Q

what is vasodilation

A

when the smooth muscle on the arteries relax

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14
Q

what do veins do

A

carry blood back to the heart at a low pressure

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15
Q

veins have _____ walls and a _____ lumen

A

THIN walls and a WIDE lumen

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16
Q

do veins have valves

A

yes

17
Q

why do veins have valves

A

to prevent back flow of blood as blood is moving and a low pressure and against gravity

18
Q

what do capillaries do

A

allow the exchange is substances to occur between the blood and tissues

19
Q

do capillaries have thick or thin walls

A

thin (very thin)

20
Q

how many cells thick are the capillaries endothelium

A

one cell thick

21
Q

why are the walls of capillaries so thin

A

to allow for efficient exchange of substances

22
Q

what is blood composed of

A

red blood cells, white blood cells and proteins bathed in plasma

23
Q

what is plasma

A

a watery yellow fluid

24
Q

what does plasma contain

A

dissolved substances - eg:
- glucose
- amino acids
- respiratory gasses
- plasma proteins

25
Q

arteries divide into ______ which divide again into a ________

A

arteries divide into ARTERIOLES which divide again into a CAPILLARY NETWORK/BED

26
Q

why is the blood in arterioles carries at a higher pressure than blood in the capillaries.

A

so that when blood reached the capillaries it causes pressure filtration

27
Q

what does pressure filtration do

A

it forces plasma out of the capillaries and into the space which surrounds tissues and cells

28
Q

what is plasma called after pressure filtration and what does it do

A

tissue fluid and it bathes the cell

29
Q

why is every cell in the body surrounded by tissue fluid

A

because every cell in the body is close to a blood capillary

30
Q

does tissue fluid contain plasma proteins and if/if not why

A

it doesn’t contain plasma proteins because they are too big to fit through the membrane

31
Q

what does tissue fluid contain that diffuses INTO cells

A

high concentrations of glucose and oxygen

32
Q

what does tissue fluid contain the diffuses OUT OF cells

A

waste products such as carbon dioxide and waste substances such as urea

33
Q

most tissue fluid returns to the capillaries by _______ and ________

A

most tissue fluid RETURNS to the capillaries by DIFFUSION and OSMOSIS

34
Q

what does excess tissue fluid do

A

enters the lymph vessels and passes into the lymphatic system

35
Q

what is tissue fluid called once in the lymphatic system

A

lymph

36
Q

do lymph vessels have thick or thin walls

A

thin

37
Q

do lymph vessels have valves

A

yes

38
Q

what do the lymphatic vessels do

A

absorb excess tissue fluid and return the lymph fluid to the circulatory system

higher biology (24 decks)

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