1.7

Question 1

what is aerobic respiration

Answer 1

the breakdown of glucose to release energy

Question 2

what is the aerobic respiration word equation

Answer 2

glucose + oxygen –> co2 + water + energy

Question 3

what are some uses of atp

Answer 3

muscle fibre contractions
dna replication
protein synthesis
active transport

Question 4

what is phosphorylation

Answer 4

when a phosphate group and energy from atp is added to a reactant molecule to make it more reactive

Question 5

what are the 3 stages of respiration and where do they take place

Answer 5

glycolysis - cytoplasm
citric acid cycle - mitochondrial matrix
electron transport chain - inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 6

what is glycolysis

Answer 6

the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate

Question 7

is oxygen required for glycolysis

Answer 7

no

Question 8

what happens in the energy investment phase

Answer 8

2x atp are used for the phosphorylation of glucose and intermediates

Question 9

what happens in the energy payoff phase

Answer 9

4x atp are produced

Question 10

what do dehydrogenase enzymes do

Answer 10

they remove hydrogen ions along with their high energy electrons from respiratory substrates and pass them along onto NAD to form NADH

Question 11

what happens in the citric acid cycle

Answer 11

in aerobic conditions pyruvate is broken down into co2 and an acetyl group

Question 12

what does the acetyl group combine with to form

Answer 12

coenzyme A to form acetyl coenzyme A

Question 13

what does the acetyl group of acetyl coenzyme combine with to form

Answer 13

oxaloacetate to form citrate

Question 14

what is citrate gradually converted back in to

Answer 14

oxaloacetate

Question 15

what does the conversion of citrate to oxaloacetate release and generate

Answer 15

generates 1x atp and releases 2x co2 molecules

Question 16

what are electron transport chains (ETC)

Answer 16

they are a series of carrier proteins attached to the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 17

what happens to the high energy electrons during the ETC

Answer 17

they are passed along the chain releasing their energy

Question 18

what is the energy in the ETC used to do

Answer 18

its used to actively pump H+ ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane from the matric to the intermediate space

Question 19

what does the return flow of hydrogen ions through the membrane protein do (ETC)

Answer 19

it causes ATP synthase to rotate catalysing the synthesis of ATP from ADP+Pi

Question 20

what do hydrogen ions and electrons combine with to form

Answer 20

combine with oxygen to form water