2.4 THEME: Restr, Obstr, Vasc Diseases

Question 1

Peribronchial edema and pneumonia are what type of pulmonary diseases?

Answer 1

Obstructive diseases

Question 2

What pulmonary disease can be found under all three classifications?

Answer 2

Pulmonary edema

Question 3

Cancer can be classified under which group(s) of pulmonary diseases?

Answer 3

Obstructive and Restrictive

Question 4

What is ultrasonography useful for?

Answer 4

pleural visualizations

Question 5

What is PFT?

Answer 5

Pulmonary Function Testing; done to differentiate whether obstructive or restrictive; Can be conducted with spirometer or plethysmograph

Question 6

What does Inspiratory capacity consist of?

Answer 6

Inspiratory Reserve Vol (IRV) and tidal vol (TV)

Question 7

What does FRC consist of?

Answer 7

Expiratory Reserve Vol (ERV) and residual vol (RV)

Question 8

What does vital capacity consist of?

Answer 8

IRV, TV and ERV

Question 9

What does TLC consist of?

Answer 9

Total Lung capacity consists of inspiratory capacity (IC) and FRC

Question 10

Do obstructive or restrictive diseases present with a decrease in FEV1?

Answer 10

Obstructive

Question 11

What is the venous-arterial difference?

Answer 11

% contribution of each CO2 carriage form that diffuses into lungs and is thus lost from circulation

Question 12

What is HbCO=33 and what does it do to the O2 dissoc curve?

Answer 12

It decreases the initial slope of the graph (plateau) and is when Hb = normal but 33% of Hb has CO bound and not O2

Question 13

What is the Haldane effect?

Answer 13

the loss of O2 to tissues by Hb, increases Hb affinity to protons and CO2. In the lung Hb takes up O2 with increased PO2 from alveoli and releases H+, CO2

Question 14

What is Dalton’s Law?

Answer 14

Total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the pressures that each gas exerts independently

Question 15

How is alveolar air PO2 calculated?

Answer 15

(% O2 composition)x (760-47)

Question 16

What are two ways to increase partial pressure of O2?

Answer 16

Increase the barometric pressure, increase %O2

Question 17

What is Henry’s law?

Answer 17

amount of a gas that dissolves into a fluid is dependent on the solubility of the gas into that fluid, the temperature and the partial pressure of the gas

Dissolved O2 conc = PO2 x O2 sol. at body temp

Question 18

What are the components of O2 blood content?

Answer 18

Dissolved O2 and O2 bound to Hb

Question 19

What are the 5 causes of Hypoxia?

Answer 19

Hypoxemia (low PaO2), low cardiac output/ low perf pressure, low Hb (anemia), CO exposure, cyanide poisioning

Question 20

What are the 5 causes of Hypoxemia?

Answer 20

low PiO2, Hypoventillation, diffusional limitations, V/Q mismatch, R to L shunting

Question 21

In which two causes of Hypoxemia is the A-a equivalent?

Answer 21

low PiO2 and hypoventillation

Question 22

What are the 3 causes of Hypercapnia?

Answer 22

decreased alv ventil, severe V/Q mismatch, increased CO2 production w/o appropriate ventillatory compensation (metab w/o chemoreflexes)