2.4 THEME: Restr, Obstr, Vasc Diseases Flashcards
Peribronchial edema and pneumonia are what type of pulmonary diseases?
Obstructive diseases
What pulmonary disease can be found under all three classifications?
Pulmonary edema
Cancer can be classified under which group(s) of pulmonary diseases?
Obstructive and Restrictive
What is ultrasonography useful for?
pleural visualizations
What is PFT?
Pulmonary Function Testing; done to differentiate whether obstructive or restrictive; Can be conducted with spirometer or plethysmograph
What does Inspiratory capacity consist of?
Inspiratory Reserve Vol (IRV) and tidal vol (TV)
What does FRC consist of?
Expiratory Reserve Vol (ERV) and residual vol (RV)
What does vital capacity consist of?
IRV, TV and ERV
What does TLC consist of?
Total Lung capacity consists of inspiratory capacity (IC) and FRC
Do obstructive or restrictive diseases present with a decrease in FEV1?
Obstructive
What is the venous-arterial difference?
% contribution of each CO2 carriage form that diffuses into lungs and is thus lost from circulation
What is HbCO=33 and what does it do to the O2 dissoc curve?
It decreases the initial slope of the graph (plateau) and is when Hb = normal but 33% of Hb has CO bound and not O2
What is the Haldane effect?
the loss of O2 to tissues by Hb, increases Hb affinity to protons and CO2. In the lung Hb takes up O2 with increased PO2 from alveoli and releases H+, CO2
What is Dalton’s Law?
Total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the pressures that each gas exerts independently
How is alveolar air PO2 calculated?
(% O2 composition)x (760-47)
What are two ways to increase partial pressure of O2?
Increase the barometric pressure, increase %O2
What is Henry’s law?
amount of a gas that dissolves into a fluid is dependent on the solubility of the gas into that fluid, the temperature and the partial pressure of the gas
Dissolved O2 conc = PO2 x O2 sol. at body temp
What are the components of O2 blood content?
Dissolved O2 and O2 bound to Hb
What are the 5 causes of Hypoxia?
Hypoxemia (low PaO2), low cardiac output/ low perf pressure, low Hb (anemia), CO exposure, cyanide poisioning
What are the 5 causes of Hypoxemia?
low PiO2, Hypoventillation, diffusional limitations, V/Q mismatch, R to L shunting
In which two causes of Hypoxemia is the A-a equivalent?
low PiO2 and hypoventillation
What are the 3 causes of Hypercapnia?
decreased alv ventil, severe V/Q mismatch, increased CO2 production w/o appropriate ventillatory compensation (metab w/o chemoreflexes)
