1.1 Anchor LRTI

Question 1

What are the symptoms of croup?

Answer 1

Barking cough, stridor, imaging shows steeple sign for airway obstruction

Question 2

What are the criteria for pneumonia?

Answer 2

HR over 100, respiratory rate over 24 breaths/min, temp above 38 d C, egophany, and age over 64

Question 3

What defines chronic bronchitis?

Answer 3

Productive cough for 3 months in each of 2 successive years

Question 4

What are some of the signs and symptoms of bronchiolitis?

Answer 4

Fussy and difficulty feeding in infants, low grade fever, apnea, with severe cases having respiratory distress, possible cyanosis

Question 5

What are the most common causes of bronchiolitis?

Answer 5

Respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus

Question 6

What are some of the pathological signs of pneumonia?

Answer 6

Influx of PMNs, edema fluid, erythrocytes, mononuclear cells in viral infection

Question 7

What are the two most common gram positive causes for pneumonia?

Answer 7

Strep pneumoniae (community acquired) and staph aureus (impaired immune defense in hospital patients)

Question 8

What are the most common gram negative bacteria that lead to pneumonia?

Answer 8

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (hospitalized patients), Haemophilus influenzae (children and adults with COPD), and Klepsiella pneumonia (GI, alcoholism)

Question 9

What in the PE may lead you to believe that a patient has pneumonia?

Answer 9

-Tachycardia, tachypnea, and fever, chest exam reveals crackles, ego phony, area dull to percussion

Question 10

How can you differentiate bacterial and viral causes of pneumonia?

Answer 10

Bacterial have larger numbers of PMNs, and mycoplasmic and viral have more mononuclear inflammatory cells