2.4 Nutrition in multicellular organisms Flashcards

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1
Q

name 3 examples of holozoic multicellular organisms

A
  • hydra
  • earthworms
  • human
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2
Q

how does a hydra digest things

A

(undifferentiated gut - sac like body)
- single opening for ingestion + egestion
- central cavity = digestive cavity

->Tentacles capture prey and pass into mouth
->Enzymes secreted into cavity (extra cellular digestion)

->Partially digested food is engulfed by cells.
->Digestion is completed intracellularly

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3
Q

how do earthworms digest things

A

(tube gut)
- 2 openings: mouth(ingest) + anus(egestion)
- specialised to cope with a varied diet

->Pharynx sucks up food.
->Oesophagus connects to crop(crop stores food)
->gizzard mechanically digests food with aid of grit(soil)

->food chemically digested(extracellular) and absorbed in intestine
->indigestible food egested through anus

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4
Q

what are the main 8 parts of digestion in the human body

A
  1. mouth(buccal cavity)
  2. oesophagus
  3. stomach
  4. liver
  5. pancreas
  6. small intestine
  7. large intestine
  8. anus
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5
Q

what occurs in the human mouth

A

(ingestion)
- food is mechanically broken down(increasing surface area)
- starch digestion chemically breaks down glucose(by amylase)

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6
Q

what occurs in the human stomach

A

food is churned up by peristalsis
protein digestion begins, protease enzymes are secreted

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7
Q

what occurs in the human liver

A

bile is secreted which emulsified fats.

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8
Q

what occurs in the human pancreas

A

proteases, lipase and carbohydrase are made here before being secreted into small intestine.

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9
Q

what occurs in the human small intestine

A
  • start of fat digestion by bile and lipase
  • continued digestion of starch and proteins
  • absorption of small soluble molecules into bloodstream
  • walls covered with villi to increase surface area for absorption
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10
Q

what is the function of bile

A

emulsifies fats, turns them into droplets

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11
Q
A
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