1.2 Cell Structure and Organisation Flashcards
What is the function of the nucleus?
Contains DNA which codes for protein synthesis
What is the function of the nuclear pore?
It enables mRNA and ribosomes to leave the nucleus
What is the function of the ribosome?
Protein synthesis. The mRNA (copy of DNA code for a protein) is translated to assemble the polypeptide chain
What is the function of the mitochondrion?
Site of aerobic respiration which generates ATP
What is the function of the chloroplast?
Site of photosynthesis
What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
Synthesis and transport of lipids and hormones
What is the function of the rough ER?
site of protein synthesis
Folding of proteins into their functional shape, then transport to the golgi body for further processing
What is the function of the golgi body?
Modification of proteins (e.g. addition of carbohydrates) then packaging of proteins into secretory vesicles
What is the function of the lysosome?
Digestion of old organelles, (special vesicles which form the golgi apparatus)
It is a small temporary vesicles which gets rid of cellular waste e.g. worn out organelles
How are the contents of the secretory vesicles transferred to the outside of the cell?
Exocytosis
What is chromatin?
DNA molecules that are tightly coiled around proteins call histones.
What is the function of the nucleolus?
Synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
What is the function of the plasmodesmata?
They are strands of cytoplasm extending through pores in the plant cell wall which allow communication between neighbouring cells
What is the function of the vacuole in a plant cell?
It provides support to the plant cell when full. It also stores molecules such as glucose and amino acids
What is a eukaryotic cell?
A cell which contains membrane-bound organelles. DNA is located on chromosomes within the nucleus
(animals,fungi)
What is the infolding of the bacterial cell membrane called, where respiration takes place.
Mesosome
What are the small rings of DNA within bacteria called, which contain antibiotic resistance genes?
plasmid
what is a Plasmid
small rings of DNA within bacteria which contain antibiotic resistance genes?
What is the general structure of a virus?
Nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) within a protein coat called a capsid. No cytoplasm
How do viruses replicate?
Use the host cell’s cytoplasm and DNA to replicate. Cell bursts releasing new copies of the virus
Where is cuboidal epithelium found?
Lining kidney tubules and gland ducts
Where is columnar epithelium found?
Lining of trachea and Fallopian tubes (ciliated)
Where is squamous epithelium found?
Lining of alveoli and arteries
What type of nucleic acid is found within viruses that infect humans?
RNA
What is the term given to a virus that infects bacteria?
Bacteriophage
What type of nucleic acid does a bacteriophage contain?
DNA
What is a tissue
Tissue is a group of cells that have similar structure and that function together
What is an organ
A group of different tissues that work together to perform a specific function.
What is an organ system?
A group of organs working together to perform a particular function
e.g. digestive or circulatory system
What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?
-Cardiac (heart)
-skeletal
-Smooth (blood vessels, gut wall)
What is the purpose of connective tissue?
Supports, separates and connects different tissues and organs
Name a connective tissue that contains collagenous fibres to provide structural strength
Tendon
