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WJEC Biology AS-Level > 1.2 Cell Structure and Organisation > Flashcards

1.2 Cell Structure and Organisation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Contains DNA which codes for protein synthesis

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2
Q

What is the function of the nuclear pore?

A

It enables mRNA and ribosomes to leave the nucleus

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3
Q

What is the function of the ribosome?

A

Protein synthesis. The mRNA (copy of DNA code for a protein) is translated to assemble the polypeptide chain

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4
Q

What is the function of the mitochondrion?

A

Site of aerobic respiration which generates ATP

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5
Q

What is the function of the chloroplast?

A

Site of photosynthesis

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6
Q

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

A

Synthesis and transport of lipids and hormones

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7
Q

What is the function of the rough ER?

A

site of protein synthesis
Folding of proteins into their functional shape, then transport to the golgi body for further processing

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8
Q

What is the function of the golgi body?

A

Modification of proteins (e.g. addition of carbohydrates) then packaging of proteins into secretory vesicles

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9
Q

What is the function of the lysosome?

A

Digestion of old organelles, (special vesicles which form the golgi apparatus)

It is a small temporary vesicles which gets rid of cellular waste e.g. worn out organelles

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10
Q

How are the contents of the secretory vesicles transferred to the outside of the cell?

A

Exocytosis

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11
Q

What is chromatin?

A

DNA molecules that are tightly coiled around proteins call histones.

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12
Q

What is the function of the nucleolus?

A

Synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

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13
Q

What is the function of the plasmodesmata?

A

They are strands of cytoplasm extending through pores in the plant cell wall which allow communication between neighbouring cells

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14
Q

What is the function of the vacuole in a plant cell?

A

It provides support to the plant cell when full. It also stores molecules such as glucose and amino acids

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15
Q

What is a eukaryotic cell?

A

A cell which contains membrane-bound organelles. DNA is located on chromosomes within the nucleus
(animals,fungi)

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16
Q

What is the infolding of the bacterial cell membrane called, where respiration takes place.

A

Mesosome

17
Q
A
18
Q

What are the small rings of DNA within bacteria called, which contain antibiotic resistance genes?

A

plasmid

19
Q

what is a Plasmid

A

small rings of DNA within bacteria which contain antibiotic resistance genes?

20
Q

What is the general structure of a virus?

A

Nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) within a protein coat called a capsid. No cytoplasm

21
Q

How do viruses replicate?

A

Use the host cell’s cytoplasm and DNA to replicate. Cell bursts releasing new copies of the virus

22
Q

Where is cuboidal epithelium found?

A

Lining kidney tubules and gland ducts

23
Q

Where is columnar epithelium found?

A

Lining of trachea and Fallopian tubes (ciliated)

24
Q

Where is squamous epithelium found?

A

Lining of alveoli and arteries

25
Q

What type of nucleic acid is found within viruses that infect humans?

A

RNA

26
Q

What is the term given to a virus that infects bacteria?

A

Bacteriophage

27
Q

What type of nucleic acid does a bacteriophage contain?

A

DNA

28
Q

What is a tissue

A

Tissue is a group of cells that have similar structure and that function together

29
Q

What is an organ

A

A group of different tissues that work together to perform a specific function.

30
Q

What is an organ system?

A

A group of organs working together to perform a particular function
e.g. digestive or circulatory system

31
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

A

-Cardiac (heart)
-skeletal
-Smooth (blood vessels, gut wall)

32
Q

What is the purpose of connective tissue?

A

Supports, separates and connects different tissues and organs

33
Q

Name a connective tissue that contains collagenous fibres to provide structural strength

A

Tendon

34
Q
A

WJEC Biology AS-Level (68 decks)

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