2.3) Energy and ATP

Question 1

What is ATP?

Answer 1

A phosphorylated macromolecule

Question 2

What are the 3 main parts of ATP?

Answer 2

• Adenine
• Ribose
• Phosphates

Question 3

What is Adenine?

Answer 3

A nitrogen-containing organic base

Question 4

What is Ribose?

Answer 4

A sugar molecule with a 5 carbon ring structure

Question 5

What is a Phosphate?

Answer 5

A chain of 3 phosphate groups

Question 6

What is ATP made of?

Answer 6

• A nucleotide
• 3 phosphate groups

Question 7

What is the energy storage in ATP?

Answer 7

-The bonds between the 3 phosphate groups store energy
-The bonds are unstable and easy to break (low activation energy)

Question 8

What energy release is there in ATP?

Answer 8

When the bonds between phosphate groups are broken they release large amounts of energy

Question 9

What is the relevance of ATP in cells?

Answer 9

• The last phosphate group is removed to release energy
• The energy released is used for different cellular processes

Question 10

What is the equation that links ATP and Water?

Answer 10

ATP + Water –> ADP + P( inorganic phosphate) + E(Energy)

Question 11

What is the water used for in the equation?

Answer 11

Water is used to convert ATP to ADP( A hydrolysis reaction)

Question 12

What enzyme catalyses the equation?

Answer 12

ATP Hydrolase

Question 13

What type of reaction is the conversion of ATP to ADP?

Answer 13

A reversible reaction

Question 14

How can we reform ATP from ADP?

Answer 14

Energy can be used to add an inorganic phosphate to ADP to reform ATP

Question 15

What enzyme catalyses the reaction of ADP to ADP?

Answer 15

ATP Synthase

Question 16

Name 3 ways the synthesis of ATP to ADP occurs :

Answer 16

• In chlorophyll containing plants during photosynthesis
• In animal + plant cells during respiration
• In animal + plant cells when phosphate groups are transfeered from donor molecules to ATP

Question 17

What does the synthesis of ATP to ADP involve?

Answer 17

The addition of a phosphate molecule to ADP

Question 18

What is the role of ATP?

Answer 18

• The immediate energy source of a cell
• Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP is a single reaction that releases immediate energy
• ATP cannot be stored so has to be continously made in the mitochondria of cells

Question 19

What energy- requiring processes is ATP used in?

Answer 19

• Metabolic Processes
• Movement
• Active Transport
• Secretion
• Activation of molecules