Ch. 16 - Endocrine system - STUDY GUIDE Flashcards
The chemical messengers of the endocrine system are:
a) hormones
b) neurotransmitters
c) target tissues
d) target organs
a
Which of the following statements is true of the endocrine system?
a) cells secreting the chemical messengers are called neurons
b) distance traveled by the chemical messengers is short (across a microscopic synapse)
c) its effects are slow to appear, yet long-lasting
d) none of the above
c
Which of the following is NOT an endocrine gland
a) pineal
b) placenta
c) parathyroid
d) intestine
d
The neuroendocrine system performs all of the following functions except:
a) communication
b) control
c) conduction
d) integration
c
The many hormones secreted by endocrine tissues can be classified simply as:
a) steroid or non-steroid hormones
b) anabolic or catabolic hormones
c) sex or nonsex hormones
d) tropic or hypotropic hormones
a
Nonsteroid hormones include
a) proteins
b) peptides
c) glycloproteins
d) all of the above
d
The control of the hormone secretion is
a) usually part of a negative feedback loop
b) rarely part of a positive feedback loop
c) both a and b
d) none of the above
c
When a small amount of hormone allows a second hormone to have its full effect on a target cell, the phenomenon is called
a) synergism
b) permissiveness
c) antagonism
d) combination
b
True or false?
The nervous system functions at a much greater speed than the endocrine system.
t
True or false?
The most widely used method of hormone classification is by chemical structure.
t
True or false?
Steroid hormone recpetors are usually attached in the plasma membrane of a target cell.
f
True or false?
Production of too much hormone of a diseased gland is termed hyposecretion.
f
True or false?
Input from the nervous system influences secretion of hormones.
t
Prostaglandins are referred to as:
a) growth hormones
b) tissue hormones
c) target cells
d) thyroxins
b
Which of the following is false?
a) prostaglandins tend to integrate activities of neighbouring cells
b) the first prostaglandin was discovered in semen
c) aspirin produces some of its effects by increasing PGE synthesis
d) PGFs have been used to induce labor and accelerate delivery of a baby
c
The pituitary is attached to the hypothalamus by a stalk called the
a) physis
b) infundibulum
c) pars intermedia
d) none of the above
b
Which of the following links the nervous system with the endocrine system
a) pituitary
b) pineal gland
c) thalamus
d) hypothalamus
d
Hypersecretion of prolactin can cause
a) insufficient milk production in nursing women
b) atrophy of breast tissue in non-nursing women
c) impotence in men
d) both a and b
c
Psychosomatic and somatopsychic relationships between human body systems and the brain
a) are not believed to exist
b
promotes development and secretion in the adrenal cortex
adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
promotes growth by stimulating protein anabolism and fat mobilization
growth hormone (GH)
promotes development of ovarian follicles in females and sperm in males
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
triggers ovulation in females and production of testosterone in males
luteinizing hormone (LH)
promotes milk secretion
prolactin (PRL)
stimulates uterine contractions and milk ejection into mammary ducts
oxytocin (OT)
stimulates the synthesis and secretion of target hormones
tropic hormone
stimulates development and secretion of in the thyroid gland
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
promotes water retention in kidney tubules
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Which thyroid hormone is released in the greatest quantitiy
a) T3
b) T4
c) triiodothyronine
d) calcitonin
b
The principal thyroid hormone is
a) thyroxine
b) triiodothyronine
c) t4
d) both a and c
b
The two lobes of the thyroid are connected by the
a) infundibulum
b) isthmus
c) peninsula
d) islet
b
High blood calcium levels can cause all of the following except
a) constipation
b) muscle spasms
c) lethargy
d) coma
b
PTH increases calcium absorption in the intestines by activating:
a) vitamin A
b) vitamin C
c) vitamin D
d) iron
c
True or false?
Calcitonin in humans does not seem to have a great effect
t
The parathyroid glands are located on the anterior surface of the thyroid gland
f
Hypersecretion of thyroid hormone can cause Graves disease
t
Pineal gland functions to support the body’s biological clock
t
Which of the following is not secreted by the adrenal cortex
a) aldosterone
b) epinepherine
c) adrenal androgens
d) adrenal estrogens
b
Which of the following hormones is not secreted by the adrenal medulla?
a) epinepherine
b) no epinepherine
c) adrenaline
d) all of the above are secreted by the adrenal medulla
d
True or false?
The outer portion of the adrenal gland is called the adrenal cortex
t
True or false?
Hypersecretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex produces a collection of symptoms called Addison’s disease
f
True or false?
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism is a negative feedback mechanism that helps maintain homeostasis of blood pressure
t
Glucagon functions to
a) promote the entry of glucose into cells
b) convert glucose into glycogen
c) increase blood glucose concentration
d) decrease blood glucose concentration
c
Insulin functions to
a) decrease blood concentration of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids
b) increase blood concentration of of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids
c) inhibit the secretion of growth hormone
d) both a and c
a
Testosteron is produced by the
a) seminiferous tubules
b) interstitial cells
c) LH
d) the scrotum
b
The hormone that can be detected during the early part of a woman’s pregnancy with an over the counter kit is
a) LH
b) estrogen
c) hCG
d) atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH)
c
hypersecretion of ACTH
cushing syndrome
lack of iodine
simple goiter
hypersecretion of thyroid hormone
graves disease
hypersecretion of melatonin
winter depression
hypersecretion of GH (adults)
acromegaly
extreme hyposecretion of thyroid (adult)
myxedema
hyposecretion of estrogen in postmenopausal women
osteoporosis
hyposecretion of adrenal cortex
addison disease
what does the outerzone of the adrenal cortex secrete
a) mineralocorticoids
b) sex hormones
c) glucocorticoids
d) epinepherine
a
what can result when too much growth hormone is produced by the pituitary gland
a) hyperglycemia
b) a pituitary giant
c) both a and b
d) none of the above
d
which of the following glands is/are not regulated by the pituitary?
a) thyroid
b) ovaries
c) adrenals
d) thymus
d
which of the following statements about the antidiuretic hormone is true?
a) it is released by the posterior lobe of the pituitary
b) it causes diabetes insipidus when produced in insufficient amounts
c) it decreases urine volume
d) all of the above
d
what controls the development of the body’s immune system
a) pituitary
b) thymus
c) pineal body
d) thyroid
b
which endocrine gland is composed of cell clusters called the islets of langerhans?
a) adrenal
b) thyroid
c) pituitary
d) pancreas
d
which of the following statements concerning prostaglandins is true
a) they control activities of widely separated organs
b) they can be called tissue hormones
c) they diffuse over long distances to act on cells
d) all of the above
b
