2.2.2 - 2.2.10 Methodology: Experiments

Question 1

What are the 2 types of experiments?

Answer 1

Lab and field

Question 2

What is a lab experiment?

Answer 2

Controlled + artificial conditions, IV is manipulated (changed) to see effect of the change on another variable (DV)

Question 3

What is a field experiment?

Answer 3

Conducted in participants natural setting, some manipulation

Question 4

What are the 3 essential characteristics in experiments?

Answer 4

1. Researcher manipulates 1 or more independent variables
2. Measuring if manipulation has influence on dependent variable
3. Controls for extraneous variables so don’t become confounding

Question 5

Why are using these characteristics important in experiments?

Answer 5

Establishes cause + effect relationships, contains control + experimental groups

Question 6

What is quantitative data?

Answer 6

Objective and free from bias/interpretation

Question 7

Explain internal validity (inside study):

Answer 7

Trust that only IV is affecting DV, control extraneous variables, can establish cause + effect which gives credible results

Give these as an example when comparing

Question 8

Explain external validity (outside study):

Answer 8

Artificial environment means low ecological validity

Give these as an example when comparing

Question 9

What are the 3 types of hypotheses?

Answer 9

Directional (1 tailed), non-directional (2 tailed), and null

Question 10

What is a directional hypothesis?

Answer 10

Statement that predicts direction of result (key words: higher, more, less, etc)

Question 11

What is a non-directional hypothesis?

Answer 11

Statement that doesn’t predict direction of results

Question 12

What is a null hypothesis?

Answer 12

A statement of no difference

Question 13

What is a null hypothesis?

Answer 13

A statement of no difference