1.2.7 Ethical guidelines and risk management Flashcards
What are ethics?
Morals and values that guide psychologists through research
What are the 4 ethical principles?
Respect, competence, responsibility, and integrity
What ethical guidelines link to respect?
Informed consent, confidentiality, privacy, and right to withdraw
What ethical guidelines link to responsibility?
Protection from harm and debreifing
What ethical guideline links to integrity?
Deception
How should you be competent when doing research?
Be aware of professional ethics and make ethical decisions
What does informed consent mean?
Participants understand full nature of study, what they need to do and want to take part. Under 16s need guardian consent.
What does confidentiality and anonymity mean?
All data is secure and only accessed by those with permission. If data is published, shouldn’t link to participant.
What does right to withdraw mean?
Participants made aware that they can stop anytime, even if bribed. Data must be removed and destroyed.
What is debriefing?
Explanation at end of study including nature and outcomes of the research. Ensure theres no distress. Make it clear to participant that they can withdraw.
What is deception?
Withholding info from participants which should be avoided, unless necessary for study
What is competence?
Researchers shouldn’t make judgements unless qualified. Responsible for telling participant about physical or psychological problems found, only if it’s dangerous not to.
What does protection from harm mean?
Should be no physical or psychological harm to participants, and they shouldn’t feel bullied into participation due to money + authority. Risk of harm should be no greater than in everyday life.
What are the 7 ethical guidelines?
Informed consent, confidentiality + anonymity, right to withdraw, debrief, competence, deception, and protection from harm.
What is the difference between INFORMED consent, and consent?
Informed consent is where full aims of study are exposed to participant before taking part, and consent is where info is withheld until end of study, where debrief given.
What are the 3 types of consent?
Presumptive, prior general, and retrospective
What is presumptive consent?
Rather than asking participants, similar group asked if study is acceptable
What is prior general consent?
Participants consent to partake in number of different studies, including one involving deception, They consent to be deceived.
What is retrospective consent?
Participants asked for consent during debrief, after taking part in
How do you deal with deception and protection from harm?
Give debrief where full aims + details exposed, tell participants what data will be used for and give right to withhold data, and reassure about behaviour + offer counselling
How do you deal with confidentiality?
Use pseudo names
What is a cost benefit analysis?
Whether costs of ethical issues outweighs benefits of research, or vice versa
What is risk management?
Psychologists assess how likely risks will occur in study + whether they’re outweighed by benefits of research. If benefits outweigh risks, they will be reduced as much as possible. If not, study will end up
What are the solutions for managing risks?
Avoidance (avoid risk), mitigation (reduce risk), transfer, and acceptance (accepting risk)
