21 JAN 2017 1348 IM Flashcards
what level is diagnostic for gastrinoma?
fasting gastrin level over 1000 pg/mL
what stimulates the release of gastrin from gastrinoma cells?
- secretin
- (normal gastric G cells are inhibited by secretin; therefore secretin administration should not case a rise in serum gastrin concentrations in patients with other causes of hypergastrinemia)
what is the gold standard diagnostic evaluation for type 2 heparin inducted thrombocytopenia?
serotonin release assay
patients with pernicious anemia need to be monitored for the development of what type of cancer?
gastric
what are the most frequent location of the ectopic foci that cause atrial fibrillation?
pulmonary veins
what is westermark’s sign? it can be seen in what condition?
- peripheral hyperlucency due to oligemia
- PE
what is hampton’s hump? it can be seen in what condition?
- peripheral wedge of lung opacity due to pulmonary infarction
- PE
what is fleischner sign? it can be seen in what condition?
- enlarged pulmonary artery
- PE
what is the treatment for hemophilia A and B?
- factor VIII (A) or factor IX (B)
- desmopressin for mild hemophilia A
morning stiffness for over one hour is indicative of ________
RA
TTP pentad
- thrombocytopenia
- microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (schistocytes)
- renal insufficiency
- neurologic changes
- fever
how can TTP and DIC be differentiated? how can TTP be differentiated from HUS?
- in TTP lab markers (PT) are normal; in DIC they are abnormal
- HUS is due to e. coli O157:H7 and is primarily a disorder of the renal system; neuro findings and fever are uncommon in HUS
how is TTP treated?
plasma exchange
what is Felty syndrome? what is the classic triad?
- severe, seropositive RA with increased risk for extra-articular manifestations (vasculitis, skin ulcers)
- inflammatory arthritis, splenomegaly, neutropenia
how is the defect in INO described?
- affected eye (ipsilateral to lesion) is unable to adduct and the contralateral eye abducts with nystagmus
- convergence and pupillary light reflex are preserved
what would be observed in damage to the edinger westphal nucleus?
ipsilateral fixed and dilated pupil that is nonreactive to light or accomodation
INO is due to damage of the ________
MLF
- unilateral MLF lesions can occur with what type of stroke?
- bilateral MLF lesions can occur with __________
- unilateral MLF lesions: lacunar stroke in the pontine artery distribution
- bilateral MLF lesions: multiple sclerosis